=Woodworking=: The Wampanoags were noted for their skill in woodworking. They made dugout canoes which might be as much as fifty feet long.[261] To make a canoe a suitable tree was first selected then laboriously felled with a stone axe. (During historic times metal tools came to perform this function and others in the process of manufacture.)[262] Initial hollowing out of the log was done by burning.[263] Either the wood was set afire or hot stones were placed on it.[264] The fire was carefully controlled; the idea was to remove the inside and leave the outside intact on three sides.[265] The process was a slow one, taking some ten to twelve days.[266] When the interior had been burned out as much as possible, the job of hollowing and smoothing was finished with shell scrapers.[267] The outside was hewn into shape with stone hatchets and the whole craft was finished by sanding it with an abrasive stone.[268] A similar procedure on a smaller scale was used to fashion wooden bowls and spoons and other such utensils. A bowl was first hollowed out by burning and then smoothed to a high polish with abrasive stones.[269] Birch bark canoes were made by the Massachusetts, and Pring reports them in use by the Wampanoag.[270] The vessels or the material for them might have been obtained in trade, or, as one writer suggests, suitable-sized pieces of bark may have been achieved by piecing together the bark of birches that were stunted stragglers outside their normal range.[271] Birch bark canoes have the advantage of being light and easily transported over portages.[272] These canoes were joined by sewing, probably with bast fiber or something similar.[273] The seams were caulked with rosin from the pitch pine.[274] The vessels were strengthened by placing broad, thin ribs across the inside rather close together.[275] =Other Manufactures=: The Indians also made glue of a combination of deer antler and “fishes sounds”.[276] Its use is mentioned for fletching arrows. STRUCTURES =Architecture=: There were two basic architectural styles used by the Wampanoags, both variations on a single structural type: A framework made of poles—large ends set into the ground, smaller ends bent to meet each other and lashed together—along with a series of horizontal elements that crossed the uprights at regular intervals and a covering of bark or woven mats. The smaller of the two styles was round in floor plan, and basically hemispherical in shape.[277] The larger type was oblong or oval in its floor plan, the side framework being two rows of parallel poles, retaining the rounded proof pattern.[278]