[206] It is thought, based on excavated remains, that the wood used was elder; Willoughby, pp. 233, 238-39. [207] A burial was excavated in which a bandolier lay across the copper breastplate, possibly indicating simultaneous wearing; Willoughby, p. 233. [208] Willoughby, pp. 240-41. These were joined by running a thread through the bead and looping it around two threads running along the ends of the beads; Ibid., p. 233. Stringing material in one case was a 2-ply twisted cord; Ibid., p. 238. [209] Brereton, pp. 43-44, reported the wearing of this style of necklace simultaneously with a bandolier. [210] Brereton, p. 43; Archer in Howe, p. 59. A gorget recovered archaeologically was disc-shaped, of sheet brass, with two perforations; Willoughby, pp. 238-39. [211] A large copper necklace was placed about the neck of an important chief’s daughter in a Rhode Island burial that dates to about 1660; H. H. Wilder, “Notes on the Indians of Southern Massachusetts,” AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, ns. XXV (1923), p. 211. [212] Wood, p. 74. [213] Willoughby, p. 265, notes that “... the term _Wampum_ or _wampumpeage_ was usually applied by the New England tribes to the white beads and _suckauhock_, _mowhackees_ or _macheis_ to the purple variety, both types were generally known to the English as _wampum_.” [214] Bradford, II, p. 43. [215] Altham, p. 30. [216] Gookin, p. 152; Thomas Lechford, PLAIN DEALING, OR NEWS FROM NEW ENGLAND, J. H. Trumbull, ed. (Boston, 1868), pp. 116-117, describes one such belt as having a checkered design. [217] Bushnell, p. 674; Lechford, pp. 116-117; Williams, pp. 177-78. [218] A “belt” of wampum might range in size from one to five or more inches wide; Williams, pp. 177-78. Willoughby, p. 271, cites a contemporary account of wampum belts owned by King Philip: “One of King Philip’s belts, ‘curiously wrought with black and white wampum in various figures and flowers and pictures of many birds and beasts’ was nine inches broad, and when hung about Captain Church’s shoulders reached to his ankles. Philip had two other belts, one with two flags upon the back which hung from his head, the other with a star upon the end which hung from his breast. When Philip visited Boston he wore a coat and leggings, set with wampum ‘in pleasant wild works’ and a broad belt of the same.” [219] Willoughby, p. 265. [220] Ibid.; Bushnell, p. 647; Williams, p. 176. [221] A breastplate, the collar made of wampum and the main body of “shells out of the up country fresh water lakes”, worn on occasion of war and feast, was among the items collected and described by John Winthrop; Bushnell, p. 674. [222] Willoughby, pp. 271-74. [223] Ibid., pp. 238-39.