The Wampanoags in the seventeenth century : $b An ethnohistorical surveyMarten, Catherine
History
The Wampanoags in the seventeenth century : $b An ethnohistorical survey
Marten, Catherine
Indians of North America -- New England -- History -- 17th century; Wampanoag Indians
[224] Willoughby, p. 198, describes a group of seeds “resembling
those of the _Cornus_” with the ends ground off preparatory to
stringing. These were found archaeologically, associated with
European trade beads. MOURT’S RELATION, p. 194, describes Massasoit
as wearing a “great chain of white bone beads about his neck”.
[225] Verrazano’s narrative in Howe, p. 15. It is possible that glass
trade beads were not very popular among the Wampanoags in the early
17th century. There are 16th century accounts of glass beads given to
the Indians by explorers, and glass beads dating to the early 16th
century have been in graves in this area, but glass beads are not
mentioned as a part of Indian dress by writers of the early colonial
period.
[226] Wood, p. 74.
[227] “... in forme of mullets or spur-rowels”; Ibid. Mullet is the
same shape as a rowel.
[228] Gookin, p. 153; Rowlandson, pp. 51-52.
[229] Gookin, p. 153; MOURT’S RELATION, p. 194.
[230] Gookin, p. 153; Verrazano in Howe, pp. 15, 59; MOURT’S
RELATION, p. 194, mentions painted faces “with crosses, and some
other antic works....” This could be actual painting in patterns or a
mistaking of tattoos for paint.
[231] Archer in Howe, p. 59; Champlain, p. 91; Gookin, p. 153;
MOURT’S RELATION, p. 194; Vaughan, p. 42; Verrazano in Howe, p. 15;
Wood, p. 74.
[232] Gookin, p. 153.
[233] Ibid.; Rowlandson, pp. 51-52; Vaughan, p. 42.
[234] Lechford, p. 116.
[235] “Their Virgins are distinguished by a bashfull falling downe of
their haire over their eyes.”; Williams, p. 58.
[236] Winslow, p. 364.
[237] “... Their boyes being not permitted to weare their haire
long till sixteene years of age, and then they must come to it by
degrees....”; Wood, pp. 71-72.
[238] Ibid.
[239] MOURT’S RELATION, pp. 183, 187.
[240] Pring in Howe, p. 72.
[241] Ibid.; Champlain, p. 90; Gookin, p. 153; Lechford, p.
116; Wood, pp. 71-72, gives a description of hairstyles for the
Massachusetts. For a youth above sixteen there was a long lock in
front, on the crown, and on either side. The rest of the hair was
shaved off close to the scalp. A warrior wore his hair long on one
side and short on the other.
[242] Gookin, p. 153.
[243] Ibid.; Pring in Howe, p. 72; Lechford, p. 116.
[244] Gookin, p. 153; Archer in Howe, p. 59; MOURT’S RELATION, p. 187.
[245] Lechford, p. 116. An ornamental comb of the same style in brass
was recovered archaeologically; Willoughby, pp. 235, 243-44.
[246] Champlain, p. 90.
[247] Ibid., p. 91; Wood, p. 72.
[248] Brereton in Howe, p. 64.
[249] Ibid., p. 105.
[250] Byers, p. 16.
[251] Williams, p. 206.
[252] Gookin, pp. 152-53.
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