[253] H. M. Chapin, “Indian Implements found in Rhode Island,” Rhode Island Historical Society, COLLECTIONS, XVIII (1924), p. 15, notes that soapstone quarries known to have been used by the Indians are located at Johnstone and Westerly, R.I., and Wood, p. 69, mentions the source of stone pipes as being to the south, among the Narragansetts. Although it is true that copper and brass were early obtained by trade from Europeans, native copper was also available. Byers, p. 5, cites several locations of outcroppings in western Massachusetts and Connecticut. Copper items from at least one site in Massachusetts have been analyzed and found to be of native materials. [254] These items were probably all available in surface outcroppings, and specialized techniques other than knocking off chunks were unnecessary; Chapin, p. 3. [255] It is not known whether the Wampanoags made their own clay pots or traded for them. However, explorers reported that there were outcroppings of potting quality clay in Plymouth. Brereton, p. 38, reports that there was clay on Martha’s Vineyard which the Indians there used for making pipes. [256] Chapin, p. 15. [257] Ibid. [258] Wood, pp. 69-70. [259] Bradford, II, p. 52; Willoughby, pp. 243-44. [260] Willoughby, pp. 243-44. [261] Gookin, p. 152. [262] Champlain in Howe, p. 105; Wood, p. 102. [263] Champlain in Howe, p. 105; Gookin, p. 152; Willoughby, p. 154; Wood, p. 102. [264] Champlain in Howe, p. 105. [265] Ibid. [266] Willoughby, p. 154. [267] Champlain in Howe, p. 105; Wood, p. 102. [268] Champlain in Howe, p. 105. [269] Once a bowl was thus far completed, it is reported that they would “soak it in their minerall springs to dye it”; Bushnell, p. 675. [270] Pring, p. 58. [271] Byers, p. 16. [272] The weight of even a large version of this canoe (9-passenger) did not exceed 60 pounds; Pring, p. 58. [273] “... sewing them with a kind of bark....”; Gookin, pp. 152-53. “... sowed together with strong and tough oziers or twigs....”; Pring p. 58. [274] Ibid. [275] Gookin, p. 152-53; Wood, p. 102. [276] Bushnell, p. 675. [277] Champlain in Howe, pp. 117, 133-34; Morton, pp. 134-35; MOURT’S RELATION, p. 144; Verrazano in Howe, p. 17; Williams, pp. 60-61; Wood, pp. 105-6. [278] Gookin, pp. 149-50; Vaughan, p. 46; Williams, pp. 60-61. [279] Williams, pp. 60-61. [280] Ibid.; Gookin, pp. 149-50; Wood, pp. 105-6. [281] Vaughan, p. 46. [282] Ibid. [283] And it is the type with which the early colonists of Plymouth would have been the most familiar. We have no firsthand accounts of the use of the longhouse by the Wampanoags; however, we do know that it was in use among the Narragansetts and the Massachusetts, which is strong evidence that the Wampanoags, who followed a similar pattern of seasonal settlement had this structure also.