FIRING ANTIAIRCRAFT GUN at ground targets. The enemy counterattack down the Albano road on 16–20 February 1944 was the most severe and dangerous of the three main attacks the Germans made on the Allies at Anzio beachhead. On the 17th it looked as if the enemy might succeed in driving down the Albano road from the Campoleone area to Anzio and thus split the beachhead forces. To aid the hard-pressed infantry, all the artillery in the area was brought to bear on the enemy. In addition to 432 guns representing corps and divisional artillery and three companies of tanks, four batteries of 90-mm. antiaircraft guns were employed against ground targets. Two cruisers assisted with fire on the flank of the beachhead.] [Illustration: ITALY GERMAN PRISONERS TAKEN NEAR THE ALBANO ROAD on 19 February 1944. The German attack started in the morning hours of 16 February and relied on smoke to conceal the advancing troops. By 18 February the enemy infantry, strongly supported by tanks, had pushed the defenders back about three miles. The next day the Allies counterattacked and halted the advance. Never again was the enemy to come so close to rolling up the final beachhead line.] [Illustration: ITALY TANK DESTROYER DUG IN BEHIND HAY STACK. These weapons were used well forward, sometimes dug in, but more often placed behind a house or other means of concealment. Tanks were also used well forward, particularly after the front became somewhat stabilized at the beginning of March. The distribution was about one company of tanks to one regiment in the line. This practice violated the principle of employing tanks in mass, but their usefulness in support of the infantry outweighed the loss of mobility and dispersion of strength.] [Illustration: ITALY THE GERMAN PANTHER TANK. This heavy tank was probably the most successful armored vehicle the Germans developed, having relatively high speed and maneuverability, combined with heavy armor and a rapid-fire, high-velocity gun. It first appeared on the Russian front in the summer of 1943, and soon thereafter on the Italian front. No U. S. tank comparable to it appeared. The frontal armor could not be penetrated by Sherman tank guns at ordinary fighting range. In constructing this vehicle the Germans were influenced by the Russian tank, the T34. The corrugated surface (top picture) is a plastic coating to prevent magnetic mines from sticking to the metal. (Pz. Kpfw. Panther, 7.5-cm. Kw. K. 42 (L/70) gun. After Action Reports indicate that there were a total of 165 enemy tanks surrounding the beachhead as of 28 February 1944. Of these 32 were Tigers and 53 Panthers, the rest being mostly Mark IV.)] [Illustration] [Illustration: ITALY