The enemy, however, were not without causes of weakness and dissension.
Some of the faults of their force arose from its allied nature. The
soldiers in Leon were drawn from Guatemala and San Salvador; and besides
these, Rivas had pressed numbers of laborers about Leon and Chinandega
into the ranks. The Guatemalan contingent was made up entirely of
Indians, and fierce was the feud between them and the Leoneses. Not
unfrequently collisions would occur between the Guatemalans and the
people of the town, at the numerous liquor shops scattered through the
suburbs of Subtiaba; and in the quarrels knives would be drawn, and blood
spilled. So pressing was the evil that the Guatemalan soldiers were
finally ordered to remain in their quarters, and it was necessary to keep
them out of the streets, in order that the insults of the people might be
avoided. The Salvadorians were tolerated by the Leoneses; but the local
authorities could not prevail on the latter to regard the former as their
deliverers from tyranny and oppression.
The allied troops had not been many days at Leon, before fever and
cholera attacked them. The Guatemalans especially suffered from this
disease; and so great was their loss, that many among the soldiers, and
some even of the officers, attributed the malady to poisonous substances
mixed in their food. But it was easy for a medical eye to perceive
sufficient causes for the mortality of the troops in their sudden removal
from the highlands of Guatemala to the plains of Nicaragua, and in the
total want of comfort and cleanliness about the quarters and persons of
the soldiers. As Manning wrote, the troops were almost without clothing;
and this was a severe deprivation to the Guatemala Indian, accustomed to
the use of the thick woollen jacket, which protects him from the cold of
his native hills. And woollen covering at night is indispensable to the
health of the soldier in Nicaragua. The warm days, followed by the clear
cold nights, render blankets necessary at all seasons of the year; and
it was the want of care in sleeping which produced much of the disease,
not only among the Guatemalans at Leon, but also among the Americans
at Granada. When you add to these causes, the little attention Central
American officers pay to the health of their soldiers, and the small
skill of their surgeons and physicians, it is not difficult to understand
the mortality among the Allies.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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