Page 49, line 13, _for_ "Alvarado" _read_ "Alvaro." Page 51, line 9, _for_ "García" _read_ "Gómez." Page 52, line 10 from bottom, _omit_ "de" _before_ "Balsa." Page 79, line 6 from bottom, _insert_ "he" _after_ "Thence." Page 108, last line, _for_ "Billar" _read_ "Bilbao." Page 111, line 4 from bottom, _for_ "Gómez" _read_ "López." Page 149, line 18, _for_ "Francesco" _read_ "Francisco." Page 260, line 7 from bottom, _for_ "emergency" _read_ "exigency." Page 280, lines 2 and 3, _transpose_ "Guevara" _and_ "Vergara." Page 293, line 9, _insert_ Salazar, _at the beginning_. NOTE The late Sir Clements Markham translated Cieza de León's "Guerra de Chupas," and wrote the Introduction to the present volume, at the advanced age of eighty-five years. His manuscript was accepted by the Council of the Hakluyt Society in November, 1915; but, though the printing was already in a forward state at the time of Sir Clement's lamented death, none of the proofs were available for submission to him. In these circumstances the Council invited us to undertake the necessary revision--a responsibility which we accepted in the light of a privilege, and have discharged, to the best of our ability, as a tribute to the memory of the late venerable President of the Society, who honoured each of us by many years of personal friendship. ALFRED P. MAUDSLAY. B. GLANVILL CORNEY. LONDON, _January, 1918_. INTRODUCTION Pedro de Cieza de León was, on the whole, the most important historian, and is now the best authority, on ancient Peru, so far as his work has reached us; for he was a great traveller, and an eye-witness of much that he described. For all the events at which he was not present he received evidence from many actors in them. He was an intelligent observer, humane and conscientious, striving after impartiality; and though an enthusiastic admirer of the valour and endurance of his countrymen, he was horrified at their acts of cruelty, which he denounces in no measured terms. Unfortunately only one part of his great work was published near the time; other parts long lost have been found and published in recent years, and some yet remain to be discovered. I, the first part, published in 1553, was the "Cronica," which is mainly geographical. II, the second part, was the History and Religion of the Incas; III, the Conquest of Peru; IV, V, VI, and VII, the Civil Wars, viz.--1 War of Las Salinas, 2 War of Chupas, 3 War of Quito, and 4 War of Huarina and Sacsahuana. III and VII are still lost to us. Cieza de León also wrote a book entitled "Libro de Fundaciones," to which he frequently refers the reader for fuller details respecting habits and customs of Indian tribes and other particulars. That work is also lost.