The name by which Cieza quotes the capital of Peru, except in one or two instances, is "_Los Reyes_" ("the Kings"), it having been founded at Epiphany. I have substituted the present name "Lima," as more convenient to the reader. The phrase _Los de Chile_ (They of Chile) is constantly used in Cieza's text in reference to the members of the Almagro faction; it was the current expression for Don Diego's adherents at the time, because the leaders of his party were men who had served under the elder Almagro in the expedition to Chile which led up to his disaster. There were two captains, men of very different type, with exactly the same name--Francisco de Chaves. This is confusing. One was a friend of Pizarro, but also a friend of the natives--a man of sound judgment and high honour. He was struck down by the assassins outside the door of Pizarro's _sala_, when remonstrating with them. The other, said to have been a cousin, was the worst of Almagro's captains, and a thoroughly bad character: to distinguish them I have called the first Francisco de Chaves (the good), and the second, Francisco de Chaves (the bad). FOOTNOTES: [2] The manuscript in Mr. Prescott's hands appears to have had on the cover the name of Dr. Sarmiento, President of the Council of the Indies, to whom it was addressed. Mr. Prescott supposed that he was the author, and always quotes the manuscript as by Sarmiento. [3] Pizarro had _encomiendas_ in places called Atabillos and Huaylas, and it has been said that he was Marquis of Atabillos, but this is a mistake. An elaborate coat of arms was granted to him, but no territorial title was ever attached to his Marquisate during his lifetime. He was simply the Marquis Pizarro. His great grandson was created Marquis _de la Conquista_. See also my note on page xxxviii. [4] In my note to the "Life and Arts of Don Alonso Curíguez de Guzmán" I was misled, by Mr. Prescott's statement that it was not specified how the line was to be measured, into an error. It was clearly specified that the line was to be measured on a meridian and not along the coast. [5] This was done owing to the representations of royal officials who had been appointed to the province of New Toledo. After the time of Vaca de Castro, there was no more heard of New Toledo. The Viceroys were appointed to govern the whole of Peru. [6] A lame excuse was invented afterwards that Hernando Pizarro, during the truce, had broken down the bridges over the Huatanay, the river that flows through Cuzco. This was false. He had broken down one bridge, for military reasons, _before_ the truce. [7] In his "War of Las Salinas."