FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF MODERN HISTORY AT DARTMOUTH COLLEGE AUTHOR OF "THE ANNEXATION OF TEXAS," "OUR STRUGGLE FOR THE FOURTEENTH COLONY," "ARNOLD'S MARCH FROM CAMBRIDGE TO QUEBEC," ETC. VOLUME I New York THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1919 _All rights reserved_ COPYRIGHT, 1919, BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. Set up and printed. Published December, 1919. Norwood Press J. S. Cushing Co.--Berwick & Smith Co. Norwood, Mass., U.S.A. TO HENRY CABOT LODGE, LL.D. SENATOR OF THE UNITED STATES HISTORIAN PRESIDENT OF THE MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY WHO GAVE THE AUTHOR INVALUABLE ASSISTANCE IN THE COLLECTION OF MATERIAL RELATING TO THE WAR WITH MEXICO THIS WORK IS VERY RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED PREFACE As every one understands, our conflict with Mexico has been almost entirely eclipsed by the greater wars following it. But in the field of thought mere size does not count for much; and while the number of troops and the lists of casualties give the present subject little comparative importance, it has ample grounds for claiming attention. As a territorial stake New Mexico, Arizona and California were of immense value. National honor was involved, and not a few of the Mexicans thought their national existence imperilled. Some of the diplomatic questions were of the utmost difficulty and interest. The clash of North and South, American and Mexican, produced extraordinary lights and shades, and in both countries the politics that lay behind the military operations made a dramatic and continual by-play. The military conduct of the governments--especially our own--and the behavior of our troops on foreign soil afforded instruction worthy to be pondered. While vast concentrations of forces and complicated tactical operations on a great scale were out of the question, the handling of even small armies at a long distance from home and in a region that was not only foreign but strange, created problems of a peculiar interest and afforded lessons of a peculiar value, such as no earlier or later war of ours has provided; and the examples of courage, honor and heroism exhibited in a conflict not only against man but against nature merited correct appreciation and lasting remembrance.[P.1][A]