THE WARFARE OF SCIENCE. BY ANDREW DICKSON WHITE, LL.D., PRESIDENT OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY. NEW YORK: D. APPLETON AND COMPANY, 1888. ENTERED, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1876, BY D. APPLETON & CO., In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. TO HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE, OF BROOKLYN, N. Y., A CHRISTIAN MAN, WHO HAS PROVED THAT HE WELCOMES ALL TRUTH, AND FEARS NONE, THIS LITTLE BOOK IS INSCRIBED, WITH FEELINGS OF THOROUGH RESPECT AND ESTEEM. PREFATORY NOTE. In its earlier abridged form this address was given as a Phi Beta Kappa oration at Brown University, and, as a lecture, at New York, Boston, New Haven, Ann Arbor, and elsewhere. In that form, substantially, it was published in THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. I have now given it careful revision, correcting some errors, and extending it largely by presenting new facts and developing various points of interest in the general discussion. Among the subjects added or rewrought are: in Astronomy, the struggle of Galileo and the retreat of the Church after its victory; in Chemistry and Physics, the compromise between Science and Theology made by Thomas Aquinas, and the unfortunate route taken by Science in consequence; in Anatomy and Medicine, the earlier growth of ecclesiastical distrust of these sciences; in Scientific Education, the dealings of various European universities with scientific studies; in Political and Social Science, a more complete statement of the opposition of the Church, on Scriptural grounds, to the taking of interest for money; and, in the conclusion, a more careful summing up. If I have seemed to encumber the text with notes, it has been in the intention to leave no important assertion unsupported; and in the hope that others--less engrossed with administrative care than myself--may find in them indications for more extended studies in various parts of the struggle which I have but sketched. A. D. W. CORNELL UNIVERSITY, _March, 1876_. THE WARFARE OF SCIENCE. I purpose to present an outline of the great, sacred struggle for the liberty of science--a struggle which has lasted for so many centuries, and which yet continues. A hard contest it has been; a war waged longer, with battles fiercer, with sieges more persistent, with strategy more shrewd than in any of the comparatively transient warfare of Cæsar or Napoleon or Moltke.