[41] For Caccini's attack, see _Delambre_, _Hist. de l'Astron._, disc. prélim., p. xxii.; also, _Libri_, _Hist. des Sciences Math._, vol. iv., p. 232; also, _Martin_, _Galilée_, pp. 43, 44. [42] For Bellarmin's view, see _Quinet_, _Jesuits_, vol. ii., p. 189. For other objectors and objections, see _Libri_, _Histoire des Sciences Mathématiques en Italie_, vol. iv., pp. 233, 234; also, _Martin_, _Vie de Galilée_. [43] See Trouessart, cited in _Flammarion_, _Mondes Imaginaires et Réels_, sixième édition, pp. 315, 316. [44] _Initia Doctrinæ Physicæ_, pp. 220, 221. [45] See _Ticknor_, _Hist. of Span. Literature_, vol. iii. [46] See _Th. Martin_, _Galilée_, pp. 34, 208, and 266. [47] See _Martin_, _Galilée_, pp. 34 and 208; also a curious note in the earlier English editions, _Lyell_, _Principles of Geology_, Introduction. [48] For curious exemplification of the way in which these weapons have been hurled, see lists of persons charged with "infidelity" and "atheism," in _Le Dictionnaire des Athées_, Paris, An. viii. Also, _Lecky_, _History of Rationalism_, vol. ii., p. 50. For case of Descartes, see _Saisset_, _Descartes et ses précurseurs_, pp. 103, 110. [49] See the original documents in _Epinois_, pp. 34-36. Martin's translation does not seem exactly correct. [50] See full official text in _Epinois_. [51] See proofs of this in _Martin_. The reader should be reminded that the archives exposed within the past few years have made the statements of early writers untrustworthy on very many of the nicer points. [52] See _Inchofer's Tractatus Syllepticus_, cited in Galileo's letter to Deodati, July 28, 1634. [53] It is not probable that torture in the ordinary sense was administered to Galileo, though it was threatened. See _Th. Martin_, _Vie de Galilée_, for a fair summing up of the case. For text of the abjuration, see _Epinois_; also, _Private Life of Galileo_, Appendix. [54] _Martin_, p. 227. [55] _Martin_, p. 243. [56] For the persecution of Galileo's memory, see _Th. Martin_, chaps. ix and x. For documentary proofs, see _de l'Epinois_. For a collection of the slanderous theories invented against Galileo, see _Martin_, final chapters and appendix. Both these authors are devoted to the Church, but, unlike Monsignor Marini, are too upright to resort to the pious fraud of suppressing documents or interpolating pretended facts. [57] See _Martin_, pp. 401, 402. [58] See _de l'Epinois_, p. 35, where the document is given in its original Latin. [59] See translation of the abjuration in appendix to _Private Life of Galileo_, London, 1870. [60] See _Marini_, who manipulated the original documents to prove this. Even Whewell appears to have been somewhat misled by him; but Whewell wrote before de l'Epinois had shown all the documents, and under the supposition that Marini was an honest man. [61] See _Marini_. [62] See _Epinois_ and _Th. Martin_, _passim_.