The Wars of Religion in France 1559-1576: The Huguenots, Catherine de Medici and Philip IIThompson, James Westfall
History
The Wars of Religion in France 1559-1576: The Huguenots, Catherine de Medici and Philip II
Thompson, James Westfall
France -- History -- Wars of the Huguenots, 1562-1598; Sainte Ligue (1576-1593)
Much of her correspondence with St. Sulpice relates to an interview
with Philip II for the purpose of arranging these matters, upon which
she had set her heart, and the time of both the ambassador and the
Spanish King was consumed with repeated interviews none of which was
ever satisfactory, and all of which were tedious.[869] The natural
reluctance of Philip II to commit himself to any positive course,
united with the great aversion he felt toward the queen mother because
of her wavering religious policy—for rigid adherence to Catholicism
was Philip’s one inflexible feature—led the King to follow a course
of procrastination and duplicity for months, during which, however, he
never evinced any outward sign of impatience; his countenance remained
as imperturbable as that of a Hindu idol, and never by any expression
reflected his thought.[870]
Foolish pride and undue affection led Catherine even to use the Turk
as a means of pressure upon Spain in order to accomplish this double
marriage project. In the year 1562 an ambassador of the Sultan passed
through France, having come by way of Venice to Lyons, and going
thence via Dijon and Troyes to Paris.[871] Turkey, after crushing
the revolt of Bajazet,[872] was seeking to avenge the accumulated
grievances which she had suffered from Austria and Spain, especially
the latter, for Philip II’s expedition to Oran and his capture of its
fortress, which was regarded as impregnable, had been a bitter blow
to the Porte.[873] Exasperated by Spain, Turkey whose war policy was
guided by the able grand vizier, Mohammed Sokolli, prepared a vast
expedition to expel her from all points which she occupied in Africa.
But such a campaign was not possible until Malta, lying midway in the
straits of the Mediterranean, was overcome.[874] Europe, which still
preserved an acute memory of the protracted siege of Rhodes, looked
forward with dismay to the prospective attack upon Malta, so that
Catherine de Medici’s cordial reception at Dax of another Turkish
ambassador—he was a Christian Pole in the employ of the Sultan—in the
course of the tour of the provinces was a political act that was daring
to rashness.[875] In order to force Philip II’s hand Catherine even
intimated that Charles IX might marry Queen Elizabeth, although this
proposition was too great a strain upon the credulity of Europe to be
given any consideration.[876] Soon after St. Sulpice reached Spain, we
find Toulouse suggested as the place for the desired interview,[877]
and thereafter for thirty-eight months this conference was one of the
dominant thoughts in Catherine’s mind.[878]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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