The Wars of Religion in France 1559-1576: The Huguenots, Catherine de Medici and Philip IIThompson, James Westfall
History
The Wars of Religion in France 1559-1576: The Huguenots, Catherine de Medici and Philip II
Thompson, James Westfall
France -- History -- Wars of the Huguenots, 1562-1598; Sainte Ligue (1576-1593)
The queen mother’s original plan had been to avoid the heat of the
south by passing the winter at Moulins, and visiting Languedoc and
Guyenne in the next spring.[879] But the influence of impending
change impelled her forward in the maze of tournaments, balls, and
masques.[880] Although she was in “a country full of mountains and
brigands,”[881] so that she feared “que cette canaille sacageassent
quelques uns de sa cour,” and strengthened Strozzi’s band as a
precaution, nevertheless Catherine’s resolution seems to have increased
in degree as she moved southward. Probably the fact that the prince
of Condé was in the toils encouraged her; certainly the necessity of
exhibiting something positive that would please Spain, in view of the
approaching interview, actuated her. But apart from her own motives,
outside pressure had been brought to bear upon her to this end, when
at Bar-le-Duc, where the King went to attend the baptism of the infant
child of Charles III, duke of Lorraine, who had married Charles IX’s
sister, Claudine, in March.[882] Later “when the court came to Lyons
information was brought to it that if the King and his advisers should
continue to resist the general rising against the Huguenots, it would
be turned against itself.”[883] In this instance, however, the pressure
came, not from Spain, but from Pope Pius IV whose agent, the Florentine
Ludovico Antinori, was sent to France to urge the extirpation of
Calvinism and to plead the cause of the findings of the Council of
Trent.[884] Catherine obeyed the signs. But as a sudden rupture of the
peace of Amboise would have been attended with dangerous consequences
she proceeded cautiously.[885]
The first[886] definite intimation of the reaction was an edict issued
on July 24, prohibiting Calvinist worship within ten leagues of the
court, notwithstanding the fact that authorized places of Protestant
worship were affected by it. A fortnight later, on August 4, came a
more sweeping edict—the so-called Edict of Roussillon[887] which
forbade all persons of whatever religion, quality, or condition to
molest one another, or to violate or maltreat images, or to lay hands
upon any sacred objects upon pain of death; magistrates were likewise
enjoined to prevent the Huguenots from performing their devotions in
any suspected places, but to confine them to such places as had been
specified; finally, the Huguenots were forbidden to hold any synods
or other assemblies except in the presence of certain of the King’s
officers, who were appointed to be present at them.[888] The pretext
of both of these edicts was the trespass upon the terms of Amboise by
the Protestants, and fear of a Protestant conspiracy. But in reality
the action of the government constituted a partial yielding to that
Catholic pressure which already had made itself manifest at Nancy.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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