The Water-Colours of J. M. W. TurnerFinberg, A. J. (Alexander Joseph)
General
The Water-Colours of J. M. W. Turner
Finberg, A. J. (Alexander Joseph)
Turner, J. M. W. (Joseph Mallord William), 1775-1851; Watercolor painting, British
Many, however, of the small drawings of this time are superb, including
several of those on grey paper. In the “Rivers of France” series,
_Jumièges_, _Caudebec_, _Saint Denis_, _Rouen from St. Catherine’s
Hill_, and _The Light Towers of the Hêve_ (all in the National Gallery),
are masterpieces, as are also many of the illustrations to “Scott’s
Poetical and Prose Works.” In Turner’s later years he frequently did not
sell his drawings for engravings, but lent them to the publishers,
charging usually five to seven guineas apiece. He kept many in his
possession up to his death, as he did nearly the whole of his sketches.
One day he brought the sixty drawings for the “Rivers of France” to
Ruskin, rolled in dirty brown paper, offering them to him for
twenty-five guineas apiece. To Ruskin’s grief he could not induce his
father to spend the money. In later years he tells us he had to pay
£1,000 for the seventeen which he gave to Oxford!
A long succession of books were illustrated by Turner between 1830 and
1836, containing in all nearly three hundred and fifty plates, mostly of
small size. When it is remembered that he also closely supervised the
smallest details in the engraving of each one, and that at the same time
he was engaged on a number of oil pictures of the highest importance
many of which were finished and exhibited, and others left in various
stages of completion (including most of those recently added to the Tate
Gallery), it may be doubted if such a volume of work was ever before
produced in six years by any painter. With 1838, however, his work for
the engravers practically came to an end. He was now a rich man and able
to refuse tempting offers for the pictures which he had determined to
leave to the nation; as for example his _Old Téméraire_, which a wealthy
Midland manufacturer is said to have offered to cover with sovereigns.
From 1838 to 1845, when his health began to fail, he spent an increasing
time each year on the Continent, and it was during this period that his
water-colour art passed into what many regard as its highest, as it was
its latest phase. I refer especially to the magnificent _Sketches_ of
this time, the large majority of which are in the National Gallery. He
revisited Venice, which had cast her enchantment on him in earlier
years, and he returned again and again to the Lake of Lucerne, which,
after Yorkshire, was probably, up to the last, of all places in the
world the dearest to his heart. It would be difficult to say how many
times he drew the town, the lake, the mountains, and especially the
Righi. There are the _Red Righi_, the _Blue Righi_, the _Dark Righi_,
the _Pale Righi_, and a hundred other versions--each different, each a
‘vision of delight.’ He made drawings also in many neighbouring parts
of Switzerland, Piedmont, and Savoy.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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