Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 1769-1821 -- Elba and the Hundred Days, 1814-1815; Waterloo, Battle of, Waterloo, Belgium, 1815
NAPOLEON having calculated that an effective force of 800,000 men would
be requisite to enable him to oppose the Allies with full confidence of
success, had given orders for the formation, at the Regimental Depôts,
of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th Battalions of every Regiment of Infantry, and
of the 4th and 5th Squadrons of every Regiment of Cavalry; also for
the additional formation of 30 Battalions of Artillery Train, of 20
Regiments of the Young Guard, of 10 Battalions of Waggon Train, and
of 20 Regiments of Marines. These and other measures he anticipated
would furnish the force desired, but not until the 1st of October. The
movements of the Allies, however, and his projected plan of active
operations, precluded the possibility of his waiting for their full
accomplishment. To augment the means of local defence, instructions
were also issued for the reorganisation of the National Guard
throughout the Empire, by which it was divided into 3130 Battalions,
and was to form, _when complete_, no less a force than 2,250,000 men!
* * * * *
Out of the disposable force of the troops of the Line, and partly also
out of the National _Guard d'élite_, were formed seven _Corps d'Armée_,
four Corps of Reserve Cavalry, four Corps of Observation, and an Army
of the West or of La Vendée.
The Army of the North, generally designated the Grand Army, was to be
considered as acting under the immediate orders of the Emperor. It
consisted of five _Corps d'Armée_ (the First, Second, Third, Fourth,
and Sixth), all the Reserve Cavalry, and the Imperial Guard. Its total
force amounted to nearly 120,000 men; and its distribution, in the
early part of June, was as follows:--
The First _Corps d'Armée_ commanded by Count D'ERLON, had its Head
Quarters at Lille; the Second, under the orders of Count REILLE, was
cantoned in the environs of Valenciennes; the Third, under Count
VANDAMME, was assembled in the environs of Mézières; the Fourth,
under Count GÉRARD, in the environs of the Metz; and the Sixth Corps,
commanded by Count LOBAU, was stationed at Laon. The four Corps of
Reserve Cavalry under the chief command of Marshal GROUCHY, were in
cantonments between the Aisne and the Sambre. The Imperial Guard was in
Paris.
The Fifth _Corps d'Armée_, commanded by Count RAPP, formed the basis
of an Army of the Rhine, and consisted of about 36,000 men. Its Head
Quarters were at Strasburg, and it occupied the principal points along
that part of the frontier between Landau and Hagenau; communicating
with the Fourth _Corps d'Armée_ on its left, as also with the First
Corps of Observation on its right.
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