Great Britain -- History -- Anglo-Saxon period, 449-1066 -- Sources
The Beormas told him many particulars both of their own land, and of the
other lands lying around them; but he knew not what was true, because he
did not see it himself; it seemed to him that the Fins and the Beormas
spoke nearly one language. He went thither chiefly, in addition to
seeing the country, on account of the walruses, because they have very
noble bones in their teeth; some of these teeth they brought to the
king: and their hides are good for ship-ropes. This whale is much less
than other whales, it being not longer than seven ells; but in his own
country is the best whale-hunting, there they are eight-and-forty ells
long, and most of them fifty ells long; of these he said that he and
five others had killed sixty in two days. He was a very wealthy man in
those possessions in which their wealth consists, that is in wild deer.
He had, at the time he came to the king, six hundred unsold tame deer.
These deer they call reindeer, of which there were six decoy reindeer,
which are very valuable amongst the Fins, because they catch the wild
reindeer with them.
He was one of the first men in that country, yet he had not more than
twenty horned cattle, and twenty sheep, and twenty swine, and the little
that he ploughed he ploughed with horses. But their wealth consists for
the most part in the rent paid them by the Fins. That rent is in skins
of animals, and birds’ feathers, and whalebone, and in ship-ropes made
of whales’ hides, and of seals. Everyone pays according to his birth;
the best-born, it is said, pay the skins of fifteen martens, and five
reindeers’, and one bear’s-skin, ten ambers of feathers, a bear’s or
otter’s skin kyrtle, and two ship-ropes, each sixty ells long, made
either of whale-hide or of seal’s.
He said that the Northmen’s land was very long and very narrow; all that
his man could either pasture or plough lies by the sea, though that is
in some parts very rocky; and to the east are wild mountains, parallel
to the cultivated land. The Fins inhabit these mountains, and the
cultivated land is broadest to the eastward, and continually narrower
the more north. To the east it may be sixty miles broad, or a little
broader, and towards the middle thirty, or broader; and northward, he
said, where it is narrowest, that it might be three miles broad to the
mountain, and the mountain then is in some parts so broad that a man may
pass over in two weeks, and in some parts so broad that a man may pass
over in six days. Then along this land southwards, on the other side of
the mountain, is Sweden, to that land northwards; and along that land
northwards, Cwenland. The Cwenas sometimes make depredations on the
Northmen over the mountains, and sometimes the Northmen on them; there
are very large fresh meres amongst the mountains, and the Cwenas carry
their ships over land into the meres, and thence make depredations on
the Northmen; they have very little ships, and very light.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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