The Western World: Picturesque Sketches of Nature and Natural History in North; and South AmericaKingston, William Henry Giles
History
The Western World: Picturesque Sketches of Nature and Natural History in North; and South America
Kingston, William Henry Giles
Natural history -- North America; Natural history -- South America
Such is the description given by Humboldt, a witness of the
extraordinary scene. The employment of their electric powers is
evidently spontaneous, and exhausts the nervous energy. Like voluntary
muscular effort, it needs repose, and the creatures require an abundance
of nourishment and rest before a fresh accumulation of electricity is
produced.
In the dry season they form deep circular holes for themselves in the
mud of water-courses, and marshes which remain filled with moisture, and
they are thus able to support existence in their usual localities, while
alligators and turtles have to retire to the larger pools or rivers. In
the shallow ponds of the forest they are easily driven out with long
poles.
Bates amused his native companions, who had thus caught some of the
creatures, by showing them how the electric shock could pass from one
person to another. They joined hands in a line, while he touched the
biggest and freshest of the animals on the head with the point of his
hunting-knife. He found, however, that the experiment did not succeed
more than three times with the same eel when out of the water, for the
fourth time the shock was scarcely perceptible.
The limbs even of the strongest man are benumbed, and he is struck down
helpless, by a discharge from the battery of the gymnotus. The organs
which produce this curious electrical effect are placed along the under
side of the tail. They may be compared to a series of columns inclosed
in a thin membrane packed closely together, which, consisting of a
series of fiat discs, may be imitated by placing a number of coins with
their discs parallel to each other, and with a bladder between each,
separated by a gelatinous substance. These columns are technically
called septa; and La Cepede calculates that two hundred and forty
transverse membranes are packed in each inch, thereby giving to an
electric eel eight feet in length an organ cavity of two hundred and
forty-six square feet--an enormous extent, as may be supposed, of
electricity producing surface. The whole apparatus is supplied with
nerves which run through the entire length of the body.
STING-RAYS.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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