Mr. Lee, the master of the workhouse, declares that if the persons in
the shed make application to come out, they are frequently released.
He is "not aware if he has any legal right to refuse them, but does
sometimes exercise that authority." One of the women is there for
throwing her clothes over the wall; another for getting "overtaken
in liquor" while out of the house, and losing her pail and brush. A
third inmate is a girl of weak intellect, who went out for a day, was
made drunk and insensible by a male pauper, and suffered dreadful
maltreatment.
All the pauper witnesses represent the shed as a place of punishment.
The six ounces of meat given three times a week by the dietary, is
reduced to four ounces for the shed paupers. Still all this, in Mr.
Howarth's eyes, neither constitutes the shed a place of confinement
nor of punishment. It is a place of separation. So is a prison. It is
a prison in a prison; a lower depth in the lowest deep of workhouse
wretchedness and restraint.
Are we to be told that this is "classification," (as the report of the
directors impudently calls it,) by which the young and old, imbecile
and drunken, sickly and turbulent, are shut up together day and night
picking oakum; looking out through the heavy day on the bare walls of
their wretched yard—at night breathing their own fœtid exhalations
and the miasma of a cesspool, twenty-four of them sometimes in a space
only fit to accommodate six with due regard to health and decency? And
all this at the arbitrary will of master or matron, unchecked by the
board! One poor creature had been there for three years. She had not
come out because "she was in such bad health, and had nowhere to go."
Yet she was shut up, because she was considered able bodied and fit for
work, when her appearance belied it, and spoke her broken spirit and
shattered constitution.
Mr. W. Lee, guardian, seemed blessed with an unusual amount of
ignorance as to his legal powers and responsibilities. He kept no
account of persons confined in the black-hole, for forty-eight hours
sometimes, and without directions from the board. He thought the
matron had power to put paupers in the strong room. On one point he
was certain: he "had no doubt that persons have been confined without
his orders." He "had no doubt that he had received instructions from
the board about the refractory ward, but he does not know where to
find them." "If any paupers committed to the ward feel aggrieved,
they can apply to be released, and he had no doubt he would release
them." He made no weekly report of punishments. He reigned supreme,
monarch of all he surveyed, wielding the terrors of shed and black-hole
unquestioned and unchecked.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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