The vowels are used as follows: _macron-a_ like _a_ in _father_ _macron-e_ like _a_ in _fate_ _macron-i_ like _i_ in _ravine_ _macron-o_ like _o_ in _note_ _macron-u_ like _u_ in _flute_ _a_, _e_, _i_, _o_, _u_, short of the above. [Transcribers' note: The macron-over-vowel orthographic symbols have regretfully been irreproducible in this document.] _E_ is a sound between the obscure vowel _e_, as _e_ in _sun_, and the _ur_ in _burrow_. The dipthongs[sic] are _ai_ like _ai_ in _aisle_, _au_ like _ou_ in _mouse_, or final Spanish _ao_ as in _carabao_, _ei_ like _ei_ in _eight_, _oi_ as in _boy_, also _Eu_, _eu_, etc. FAY-COOPER COLE, Assistant Curator of Malayan Ethnology. CHICAGO, September, 1913. I. THE BAGOBO. SYNONYMS: (a) GUIANGA, GUANGA, GULANGA (b) OBO (c) TIGDAPAYA (d) ETO HABITAT. The west coast of Davao Gulf between Daliao and Digos is dotted with small villages, the inhabitants of which are largely Bagobo who have been converted to the Christian faith and have been induced to give up their mountain homes and settle in towns. Back of this coast line rise densely timbered mountain peaks, lateral spurs from which often terminate in abrupt cliffs overlooking the sea. From other peaks extensive grass covered plains slope gently down nearly to the water's edge. Deep river canons cut between these mountains and across the plains, giving evidence of active erosion for a long period of time. If these mountain chains and river courses are followed back it is found that they all radiate from one stupendous mass, the center of which is Mt. Apo, the highest mountain in the Philippines and reputed to be an active volcano. Near to its summit is a deep fissure from which, on clear mornings, columns of smoke or steam can be seen ascending, while the first rays of the rising sun turn into gold, or sheets of white, the fields of sulphur which surround the cone. Along the lower eastern and southern slopes of this mountain and its tributary peaks live the wilder branch of this tribe, whose traditions, religious observances, and daily life are closely related to the manifestations of latent energy in the old volcano. NUMBER. The exact number who fall under this classification is not known, Governor Bolton, who was intimately acquainted with the wild tribes of the District, estimated their number at sixty-five hundred, but this count did not include the sub-division here given as Obo. One enumeration, made by a Jesuit missionary, places the population at fifteen thousand, while the Government report of 1900 gives them eighteen thousand four hundred. The latter estimates are certainly excessive. It is probable that they were determined by compiling the population of villages reported to exist in the interior.