_A._ Starting out from those "æsthetic" mental states during which the world seems rounder, fuller, and _more perfect_: we have the pagan ideal with its dominating spirit of self-affirmation (_people give of their abundance_). The highest type: the _classical_ ideal--regarded as an expression of the successful nature of _all_ the more important instincts. In this classical ideal we find _the grand style_ as the highest style. An expression of the "will to power" itself. The instinct which is most feared _dares to acknowledge itself._ _B._ Starting out from the mental states in which the world seemed emptier, paler, and thinner, when "spiritualisation" and the absence of sensuality assume the rank of perfection, and when all that is brutal, animal, direct, and proximate is avoided (_people calculate and select_): the "sage," "the angel"; priestliness = virginity = ignorance, are the physiological ideals of such idealists: the _anæmic_ ideal. Under certain circumstances this anæmic ideal may be the ideal of such natures as _represent_ paganism (thus Goethe sees his "saint" in Spinoza). _C._ Starting out from those mental states in which the world seemed more absurd, more evil, poorer, and more deceptive, an ideal cannot even be imagined or desired in it (_people deny and annihilate_); the projection of the ideal into the sphere of the anti-natural, anti-actual, anti-logical; the state of him who judges thus (the "impoverishment" of the world as a result of suffering: _people take, they no longer bestow_): the _anti-natural ideal._ (The _Christian ideal_ is a _transitional form_ between the second and the third, now inclining more towards the former type, and anon inclining towards the latter.) _The three ideals: A._ Either a _strengthening_ of Life (_paganism,_) or _B._ an _impoverishment_ of Life (_anæmia_), or _C._ a _denial_ of Life (_anti-naturalism_). The state of beatitude in _A._ is the feeling of extreme abundance; in _B._ it is reached by the most fastidious selectiveness; in _C._ it is the contempt and the destruction of Life. 342. _A._ The _consistent_ type understands that even evil must not be hated, must not be resisted, and that it is not allowable to make war against one's self; that it does not suffice merely to accept the pain which such behaviour brings in its train; that one lives entirely in positive feelings; that one takes the side of one's opponents in word and deed; that by means of a superfœtation of peaceful, kindly, conciliatory, helpful, and loving states, one impoverishes the soil of the other states, ... that one is in need of unremitting _practice._ What is achieved thereby?--The Buddhistic type, or the _perfect_ cow. This point of view is possible only where no moral fanaticism prevails--that is to say, when evil is not hated on its own account, but because it opens the road to conditions which are painful (unrest, work, care, complications, dependence).