The result is that higher types are _resisted_. _The downfall and insecurity of all higher types._ The struggle against genius ("popular poetry," etc.). Sympathy with the lowly and the suffering as a _standard_ for the _elevation of the soul_. The _philosopher is lacking,_ the interpreter of deeds, and not alone he who poetises them. 28. _Imperfect_ Nihilism--its forms: we are now surrounded by them. All attempts made to escape Nihilism, which do not consist in transvaluing the values that have prevailed hitherto, only make the matter worse; they complicate the problem. 29. _The varieties of self-stupefaction._ In one's heart of hearts, not to know, whither? Emptiness. The attempt to rise superior to it all by means of emotional intoxication: emotional intoxication in the form of music, in the form of cruelty in the tragic joy over the ruin of the noblest, and in the form of blind, gushing enthusiasm over individual _men_ or distinct _periods_ (in the form of hatred, etc.). The attempt to work blindly, like a scientific instrument; to keep an eye on the many small joys, like an investigator, for instance (modesty towards oneself); the mysticism of the voluptuous _joy_ of eternal emptiness; art "for art's sake" ("le fait"), "immaculate investigation," in the form of narcotics against the disgust of oneself; any kind of incessant work, _any_ kind of small foolish fanaticism; the medley of all means, illness as the result of general profligacy (dissipation kills pleasure). (1) As a result, feeble will-power. (2) Excessive pride and the humiliation of petty weakness felt as a contrast. 30. The time is coming when we shall have to pay for having been _Christians_ for two thousand years: we are losing the equilibrium which enables us to live--for a long while we shall not know in what direction we are travelling. We are hurling ourselves headlong into the _opposite_ valuations, with that degree of energy which could only have been engendered in man by an _overvaluation_ of himself. Now, everything is false from the root, words and nothing but words, confused, feeble, or over-strained. _(a)_ There is a seeking after a sort of earthly solution of the problem of life, but in the same sense as that of the _final triumph_ of truth, love, justice (socialism: "equality of persons"). _(b)_ There is also an attempt to hold fast to the _moral ideal_ (with altruism, self-sacrifice, and the denial of the will, in the front rank). _(c)_ There is even an attempt to hold fast to a "Beyond": were it only as an antilogical _x_; but it is forthwith interpreted in such a way that a kind of metaphysical solace, after the old style, may be derived from it. _(d)_ There is an attempt to read the phenomena of life in such a way as to arrive _at the divine guidance of old,_ with its powers of rewarding, punishing, educating, and of generally conducing to a something _better_ in the order of things.