_Kant_: a poor psychologist and mediocre judge of human nature, made hopeless mistakes in regard to great historical values (the French Revolution); a moral fanatic _à la_ Rousseau; with a subterranean current of Christian values; a thorough dogmatist, but bored to extinction by this tendency, to the extent of wishing to tyrannise over it, but quickly tired, even of 'scepticism; and not yet affected by any cosmopolitan thought or antique beauty ... a _dawdler_ and a _go-between,_ not at all original (like _Leibnitz,_ something between mechanism and spiritualism; like _Goethe,_ something between the taste of the eighteenth century and that of the "historical sense" [which _is_ essentially a sense of exoticism]; like _German music,_ between French and Italian music; like Charles the Great, who mediated and built bridges between the Roman Empire and Nationalism--a dawdler _par excellence_). 102. In what respect have the _Christian_ centuries with their Pessimism been _stronger_ centuries than the eighteenth--and how do they correspond with the _tragic_ age of the Greeks? The nineteenth century _versus_ the eighteenth. How was it an heir?--how was it a step backwards from the latter? (more lacking in "spirit" and in taste)--how did it show an advance on the latter? (more gloomy, more realistic, _stronger_). 103. How can we _explain_ the fact that we feel something in common with the _Campagna romana?_ And the high mountain chain? Chateaubriand in a letter to M. de Fontanes in 1803 writes his first impression of the _Campagna romana._ The President de Brosses says of the _Campagna romana_: "Il fallait que Romulus fût ivre quand il songea à bâtir une ville dans un terrain aussi laid." Even Delacroix would have nothing to do with Rome, it frightened him. He loved Venice, just as Shakespeare, Byron, and Georges Sand did. Théophile Gautier's and Richard Wagner's dislike of Rome must not be forgotten. Lamartine has the language for Sorrento and Posilippo. Victor Hugo raves about Spain, "parce que aucune autre nation n'a moins emprunté à l'antiquité, parce qu'elle n'a subi aucune influence classique." 104. The _two great attempts_ that were made to overcome the eighteenth century: _Napoleon,_ in that he called man, the soldier, and the great struggle for power, to life again, and conceived Europe as a political power. _Goethe,_ in that he imagined a European culture which would consist of the whole heritage of what humanity had _attained to_ up to his time. German culture in this century inspires mistrust--the music of the period lacks that complete element which liberates and binds as well, to wit--Goethe.