Supposing one thinks of the philosopher as an educator who, looking down from his lonely elevation, is powerful enough to draw long chains of generations up to him: then he must be granted the most terrible privileges of a great educator. An educator never says what he himself thinks; but only that which he thinks it is good for those whom he is educating to hear upon any subject. This dissimulation on his part must not be found out; it is part of his masterliness that people should believe in his honesty, he must be capable of all the means of discipline and education: there are some natures which he will only be able to raise by means of lashing them with his scorn; others who are lazy, irresolute, cowardly, and vain, he will be able to affect only with exaggerated praise. Such a teacher stands beyond good and evil, but nobody must know that he does. 981. We must _not_ make men "better," we must _not_ talk to them about morality in any form as if "morality in itself," or an ideal kind of man in general, could be taken for granted; but we must _create circumstances_ in which _stronger men are necessary,_ such as for their part will require a morality (or, better still: a bodily and spiritual discipline) which makes men strong, and upon which they will consequently insist! As they will need one so badly, they will have it. We must not let ourselves be seduced by blue eyes and heaving breasts: _greatness of soul has absolutely nothing romantic about it. And unfortunately nothing whatever amiable either._ 982. From warriors we must learn: (1) to associate death with those interests for which we are fighting--that makes us venerable; (2) we must learn to _sacrifice_ numbers, and to take our cause sufficiently seriously not to spare men; (3) we must practise inexorable discipline, and allow ourselves violence and cunning in war. 983. The _education_ which rears those _ruling_ virtues that allow a man to become master of his benevolence and his pity: the great disciplinary virtues ("Forgive thine enemies" is mere child's play beside them), _and the passions of the creator, must be elevated_ to the heights--we must cease from carving marble! The exceptional and powerful position of those creatures (compared with that of all princes hitherto): the Roman Cæsar with Christ's soul. 984. We must not separate greatness of soul from intellectual greatness. For the former involves _independence_; but without intellectual greatness independence should not be allowed; all it does is to create disasters even in its lust of well-doing and of practising "justice." Inferior spirits _must_ obey, consequently they cannot be possessed of greatness. 985.