question, but much of the opposition to both was simply the general opposition to expansion--that is, to national growth and national greatness. In our long-settled communities there have always been people who opposed every war which marked the advance of American civilization at the cost of savagery. The opposition was fundamentally the same, whether these wars were campaigns in the old West against the Shawnees and the Miamis, in the new West against the Sioux and the Apaches, or in Luzon against the Tagals. In each case, in the end, the believers in the historic American policy of expansion have triumphed. Hitherto America has gone steadily forward along the path of greatness, and has remained true to the policy of her early leaders who felt within them the lift towards mighty things. Like every really strong people, ours is stirred by the generous ardor for daring strife and mighty deeds, and now with eyes undimmed looks far into the misty future. At bottom the question of expansion in 1898 was but a variant of the problem we had to solve at every stage of the great western movement. Whether the prize of the moment was Louisiana or Florida, Oregon or Alaska, mattered little. The same forces, the same types of men, stood for and against the cause of national growth, of national greatness, at the end of the century as at the beginning. My non-literary work has been so engrossing during the years that have elapsed since my fourth volume was published, that I have been unable to go on with "The Winning of the West"; but my design is to continue the narrative as soon as I can get leisure, carrying it through the stages which marked the taking of Florida and Oregon, the upbuilding of the republic of Texas, and the acquisition of New Mexico and California as the result of the Mexican war. Theodore Roosevelt EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ALBANY, N. Y. _January_ 1, 1900. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I.--THE SPREAD OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING PEOPLES II.--THE FRENCH OF THE OHIO VALLEY, 1763-1775 III.--THE APPALACHIAN CONFEDERACIES, 1765-1775 IV.--THE ALGONQUINS OF THE NORTHWEST, 1769-1774 V.--THE BACKWOODSMEN OF THE ALLEGHANIES, 1769-1774 VI.--BOON AND THE LONG HUNTERS; AND THEIR HUNTING IN NO-MAN'S-LAND, 1769-1774 VII.--SEVIER, ROBERTSON, AND THE WATAUGA COMMONWEALTH, 1769-1774 VIII.--LORD DUNMORE'S WAR, 1774 IX.--THE BATTLE OF THE GREAT KANAWHA; AND LOGAN'S SPEECH, 1774 X.--BOON AND THE SETTLEMENT OF KENTUCKY, 1775 XI.--IN THE CURRENT OF THE REVOLUTION--THE SOUTHERN BACKWOODSMEN OVERWHELM THE CHEROKEES, 1776 XII.--GROWTH AND CIVIL ORGANIZATION OF KENTUCKY, 1776 APPENDICES: APPENDIX A--TO CHAPTER IV. APPENDIX B--TO CHAPTER V. APPENDIX C--TO CHAPTER VI. APPENDIX D--TO CHAPTER VI. APPENDIX E--TO CHAPTER VII. APPENDIX F--TO CHAPTER IX.