Jay Gould’s career was not a colorless one, but was full of episode and variety. He was a genuine American in that he had engaged, before he was out of his teens, in some dozen pursuits, which number he doubled in the next few years. Milking twenty cows in his father’s dairy; clerking in a country store; running a hardware shop; learning the tinner’s trade; working in a country newspaper office, and writing a history of Delaware county, were among his earlier employments. And then came his enlistment in a surveying corps and his experience in map drafting, which led up to the leather industry. This chapter in Mr. Gould’s career is a sensational one. His enlargement of the tannery business in Pennsylvania, his establishment of a village named for himself, Gouldsborough, and of a bank of which he was director, were the business portions of the sensation. The suicide of his partner and the war for possession of the tannery, between two bands of roughs fighting one for Gould and one for his partner’s estate, were sensations of another kind. Next Mr. Gould went into the railroad business, drifting there by the aid of his father-in-law, who wanted to make the best of a marriage which he had opposed. From that time to this, Mr. Gould has been prominently before the public in financial operations, and his history is the history of Wall street. Opinions of Mr. Gould have been just as varied as his own pursuits. There are those who laud him to the skies for the success he had in creating his enormous fortune, and who think him the sum of all good things. There are many others who think of him as being simply a close-fisted, unscrupulous, selfish business man of undoubted ability, but with no thought except to add to his wealth by whatever means might be necessary at the expense of others. And there is another large class of those who consider Mr. Gould to have been a type of all that is worst in Americans, a man who wrecked fortunes and honor of others to add to his own, who purchased legislatures at will whenever he had anything to desire from them, and who had absolutely no redeeming traits of character. It will be our effort to show what justification there may be for each opinion. Whatever other merit may be claimed for this modest biography of a rich man, it is certainly to be considered as entirely fair, with no bias for or against its subject, and no inclination to do anything but justice to his memory. No effort has been spared to secure reliable, accurate and exhaustive information on the history and personal characteristics of Jay Gould. Inasmuch as great influence is exerted on every man’s life by those business associates most closely connected with him, attention has been given to those other noted financiers whose association with the “wizard” have been the nearest. The ever-present influence of ancestry and immediate family make that subject also an essential one to the true understanding of the man. The history of “Black Friday” and its