In the field of _family right_, the woman movement has achieved,
directly and indirectly, great improvements in the legal position of the
_unmarried_ woman. The nearest proof is my own country. This has, within
a period of from seventy to eighty years, granted to the sister the same
right of inheritance as to the brother; declared the unmarried woman at
her majority at the same age as man, a majority which was also expanded
later through the suspension of the right of guardianship on the part of
the husband, existing for married women. The marriageable age of woman
was postponed to 17 years. Gradually woman has been placed on an
equality with man to carry on trade and industry; she has acquired the
right to hold certain public offices, although many still remain closed
to her. The married woman on the contrary is still always a minor; if no
marriage settlement is made the husband has the right to dispose of the
wife’s property; he has control of their common possessions; he can
restrict her freedom of work; he has authority over the children. A few
small progressive steps may nevertheless be pointed out: certain
reinforcements of the effectiveness of the marriage contract; the right
to her wages accorded to the wife; certain reforms in regard to the
division of property and divorce; some improvements in the position of
children born out of wedlock. In other countries also like reforms have
been accomplished, directly, through masculine initiative; indirectly,
through the influence of the woman movement. But everywhere family right
is still founded upon the principles of paternal right, supremacy of the
husband over the wife, indissolubility of marriage or solubility under
greater or less difficulties.
In regard to citizenship I draw my examples also from the land I know
best. In Sweden, women have long since participated in the choice of
pastor; for about fifty years they have possessed municipal franchise;
later in certain cases they have attained also municipal eligibility,
for example, to the school board, board of charities, and now finally to
the town council. Still others could be cited. In other countries women
have sometimes more sometimes less civic right; only in a few countries
have they won _political_ franchise; in a single one, Finland, also
political eligibility.
In the sphere of family right, as well as civic right, the woman
movement has then much more remaining to conquer than it has thus far
won. But I am convinced that the little girls I see down below in the
garden playing “mother and child” will possess all the rights due the
wife, the mother, and the citizen.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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