The works of Francis Maitland Balfour, Volume 2 (of 4) : $b A treatise on comparative embryology: Invertebrata — John Shaqi
The works of Francis Maitland Balfour, Volume 2 (of 4) : $b A treatise on comparative embryology: InvertebrataBalfour, Francis M. (Francis Maitland)
Science
The works of Francis Maitland Balfour, Volume 2 (of 4) : $b A treatise on comparative embryology: Invertebrata
Balfour, Francis M. (Francis Maitland)
Embryology; Zoology
_A._ Of Helix hortensis. The ova (_aa_) are developed on the wall of
the follicle, and the seminal masses (_b_) internally.
_B._ Of Aeolidia. The seminal portion of a follicle is beset
peripherally by ovarian saccules (_a_). _c._ Common afferent duct.]
_Cephalopoda._
Lankester (No. 32) has brought out some very interesting points with
reference to the nutrition of the eggs of Sepia during their growth.
The eggs develop in connective-tissue pouches which early give rise to
a double pedunculated capsule of connective tissue. The cells of the
inner layer of this capsule soon assume an epithelial character, and
become a definite follicular epithelium, while between the two layers
there penetrates a network of vascular channels. The follicular
epithelium becomes after the establishment of these vascular channels
folded in a most remarkable manner. The folds, which are shewn in
section in fig. 14, _ic_, project into and nearly completely fill
up the body of the ovum. An enormous increase is thus effected in the
nutritive surface exposed by the epithelium. Each fold is thoroughly
supplied with blood-vessels. The plications of the follicular
epithelium give rise to a basket-work tracery on the surface of the
ovum. During the stage when the follicular epithelium has the above
structure, its cells have a character similar to that of the
goblet-cells of a mucous membrane, and pour out their metamorphosed
protoplasm into the body of the ovum.
[FIG. 14. TRANSVERSE SECTION THROUGH AN OVARIAN EGG OF SEPIA.
(Copied from Lankester.)
_o.c._ outer capsular membrane. _i.c._ inner capsular membrane with
follicular epithelium. _b.v._ blood-vessels in section between the
outer and inner capsular membranes. _c._ vitellus.
The section shews the folds of the inner capsule with their
epithelium, which penetrate into the substance of the ovum for the
purpose of supplying it with nourishment.]
After the above mode of nutrition has gone on for a certain time a
change takes place, and the ridges gradually disappear. This is caused
by the epithelial cells passing off from the ridges into the
protoplasm of the ovum; and becoming assimilated, after retaining
their individuality for a longer or shorter period. When the
absorption of the ridges is completed the surface of the ovum assumes
a perfectly regular outline. The capsule of the ovum then bursts at
the opposite pole to the peduncle, and the ovum falls into the
oviduct.
The ova of the Cephalopoda, like those of the Gasteropoda, are quite
naked, being without a vitelline membrane or chorion. The egg-capsule
which is formed for them in their passage down the oviduct is
perforated in Sepia by a micropylar aperture.
CHÆTOPODA.
(33) Ed. Claparède. "Les Annelides Chætopodes d. Golfe de Naples."
_Mém. d. l. Sociét. phys. et d'hist. nat. de Genève_ 1868-9 and 1870.
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