The Works of George Berkeley. Vol. 1 of 4: Philosophical Works, 1705-21Berkeley, George
Philosophy
The Works of George Berkeley. Vol. 1 of 4: Philosophical Works, 1705-21
Berkeley, George
Philosophy -- Early works to 1800
47. I do not nevertheless say I hear distance, in like manner as I say
that I see it—the ideas perceived by hearing not being so apt to be
confounded with the ideas of touch as those of sight are. So likewise a
man is easily convinced that bodies and external things are not properly
the object of hearing, but only sounds, by the mediation whereof the idea
of this or that body, or distance, is suggested to his thoughts. But then
one is with more difficulty brought to discern the difference there is
betwixt the ideas of sight and touch(330): though it be certain, a man no
more sees and feels the same thing, than he hears and feels the same
thing.
48. One reason of which seems to be this. It is thought a great absurdity
to imagine that one and the same thing should have any more than one
extension and one figure. But, the extension and figure of a body being
let into the mind two ways, and that indifferently, either by sight or
touch, it seems to follow that we see the same extension and the same
figure which we feel.
49. But, if we take a close and accurate view of the matter, it must be
acknowledged that we never see and feel one and the same object(331). That
which is seen is one thing, and that which is felt is another. If the
visible figure and extension be not the same with the tangible figure and
extension, we are not to infer that one and the same thing has divers
extensions. The true consequence is that the objects of sight and touch
are two distinct things(332). It may perhaps require some thought rightly
to conceive this distinction. And the difficulty seems not a little
increased, because the combination of visible ideas hath constantly the
same name as the combination of tangible ideas wherewith it is
connected—which doth of necessity arise from the use and end of
language(333).
50. In order, therefore, to treat accurately and unconfusedly of vision,
we must bear in mind that there are two sorts of objects apprehended by
the eye—the one primarily and immediately, the other secondarily and by
intervention of the former. Those of the first sort neither are nor appear
to be without the mind, or at any distance off(334). They may, indeed,
grow greater or smaller, more confused, or more clear, or more faint. But
they do not, cannot approach, [or even seem to approach (335)] or recede
from us. Whenever we say an object is at a distance, whenever we say it
draws near, or goes farther off, we must always mean it of the latter
sort, which properly belong to the touch(336), and are not so truly
perceived as suggested by the eye, in like manner as thoughts by the ear.
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