The Works of George Berkeley. Vol. 1 of 4: Philosophical Works, 1705-21Berkeley, George
Philosophy
The Works of George Berkeley. Vol. 1 of 4: Philosophical Works, 1705-21
Berkeley, George
Philosophy -- Early works to 1800
122. But, before I come more particularly to discuss this matter, I find
it proper to take into my thoughts extension in abstract(412). For of this
there is much talk; and I am apt to think that when men speak of extension
as being an idea common to two senses, it is with a secret supposition
that we can single out extension from all other tangible and visible
qualities, and form thereof an abstract idea, which idea they will have
common both to sight and touch. We are therefore to understand by
extension in abstract, an idea(413) of extension—for instance, a line or
surface entirely stripped of all other sensible qualities and
circumstances that might determine it to any particular existence; it is
neither black, nor white, nor red, nor hath it any colour at all, or any
tangible quality whatsoever, and consequently it is of no finite
determinate magnitude(414); for that which bounds or distinguishes one
extension from another is some quality or circumstance wherein they
disagree.
123. Now, I do not find that I can perceive, imagine, or anywise frame in
my mind such an abstract idea as is here spoken of. A line or surface
which is neither black, nor white, nor blue, nor yellow, &c.; nor long,
nor short, nor rough, nor smooth, nor square, nor round, &c. is perfectly
incomprehensible. This I am sure of as to myself; how far the faculties of
other men may reach they best can tell.
124. It is commonly said that the object of geometry is abstract
extension. But geometry contemplates figures: now, figure is the
termination of magnitude(415); but we have shewn that extension in
abstract hath no finite determinate magnitude; whence it clearly follows
that it can have no figure, and consequently is not the object of
geometry. It is indeed a tenet, as well of the modern as the ancient
philosophers, that all general truths are concerning universal abstract
ideas; without which, we are told, there could be no science, no
demonstration of any general proposition in geometry. But it were no hard
matter, did I think it necessary to my present purpose, to shew that
propositions and demonstrations in geometry might be universal, though
they who make them never think of abstract general ideas of triangles or
circles.
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