The Works of George Berkeley. Vol. 1 of 4: Philosophical Works, 1705-21Berkeley, George
Philosophy
The Works of George Berkeley. Vol. 1 of 4: Philosophical Works, 1705-21
Berkeley, George
Philosophy -- Early works to 1800
137. Visible figure and extension having been demonstrated to be of a
nature entirely different and heterogeneous from tangible figure and
extension, it remains that we inquire concerning motion. Now, that visible
motion is not of the same sort with tangible motion seems to need no
farther proof; it being an evident corollary from what we have shewn
concerning the difference there is betwixt visible and tangible extension.
But, for a more full and express proof hereof, we need only observe that
one who had not yet experienced vision would not at first sight know
motion(442). Whence it clearly follows that motion perceivable by sight is
of a sort distinct from motion perceivable by touch. The antecedent I
prove thus—By touch he could not perceive any motion but what was up or
down, to the right or left, nearer or farther from him; besides these, and
their several varieties or complications, it is impossible he should have
any idea of motion. He would not therefore think anything to be motion, or
give the name motion to any idea, which he could not range under some or
other of those particular kinds thereof. But, from sect. 95, it is plain
that, by the mere act of vision, he could not know motion upwards or
downwards, to the right or left, or in any other possible direction. From
which I conclude, he would not know motion at all at first sight. As for
the idea of motion in abstract, I shall not waste paper about it, but
leave it to my reader to make the best he can of it. To me it is perfectly
unintelligible(443).
138. The consideration of motion may furnish a new field for inquiry(444).
But, since the manner wherein the mind apprehends by sight the motion of
tangible objects, with the various degrees thereof, may be easily
collected from what has been said concerning the manner wherein that sense
doth suggest their various distances, magnitudes, and situations, I shall
not enlarge any farther on this subject, but proceed to inquire what may
be alleged, with greatest appearance of reason, against the proposition we
have demonstrated to be true; for, where there is so much prejudice to be
encountered, a bare and naked demonstration of the truth will scarce
suffice. We must also satisfy the scruples that men may start in favour of
their preconceived notions, shew whence the mistake arises, how it came to
spread, and carefully disclose and root out those false persuasions that
an early prejudice might have implanted in the mind.
139. _First_, therefore, it will be demanded how visible extension and
figures come to be called by the same name with tangible extension and
figures, if they are not of the same kind with them? It must be something
more than humour or accident that could occasion a custom so constant and
universal as this, which has obtained in all ages and nations of the
world, and amongst all ranks of men, the learned as well as the
illiterate.
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