The Works of George Berkeley. Vol. 1 of 4: Philosophical Works, 1705-21Berkeley, George
Philosophy
The Works of George Berkeley. Vol. 1 of 4: Philosophical Works, 1705-21
Berkeley, George
Philosophy -- Early works to 1800
140. To which I answer, we can no more argue a visible and tangible square
to be of the same species, from their being called by the same name, than
we can that a tangible square, and the monosyllable consisting of six
letters whereby it is marked, are of the same species, because they are
both called by the same name. It is customary to call written words, and
the things they signify, by the same name: for, words not being regarded
in their own nature, or otherwise than as they are marks of things, it had
been superfluous, and beside the design of language, to have given them
names distinct from those of the things marked by them. The same reason
holds here also. Visible figures are the marks of tangible figures; and,
from sect. 59, it is plain that in themselves they are little regarded, or
upon any other score than for their connexion with tangible figures, which
by nature they are ordained to signify. And, because this language of
nature(445) does not vary in different ages or nations, hence it is that
in all times and places visible figures are called by the same names as
the respective tangible figures suggested by them; and not because they
are alike, or of the same sort with them.
141. But, say you, surely a tangible square is liker to a visible square
than to a visible circle: it has four angles, and as many sides; so also
has the visible square—but the visible circle has no such thing, being
bounded by one uniform curve, without right lines or angles, which makes
it unfit to represent the tangible square, but very fit to represent the
tangible circle. Whence it clearly follows, that visible figures are
patterns of, or of the same species with, the respective tangible figures
represented by them; that they are like unto them, and of their own nature
fitted to represent them, as being of the same sort; and that they are in
no respect arbitrary signs, as words.
142. I answer, it must be acknowledged the visible square is fitter than
the visible circle to represent the tangible square, but then it is not
because it is liker, or more of a species with it; but, because the
visible square contains in it several distinct parts, whereby to mark the
several distinct corresponding parts of a tangible square, whereas the
visible circle doth not. The square perceived by touch hath four distinct
equal sides, so also hath it four distinct equal angles. It is therefore
necessary that the visible figure which shall be most proper to mark it
contain four distinct equal parts, corresponding to the four sides of the
tangible square; as likewise four other distinct and equal parts, whereby
to denote the four equal angles of the tangible square. And accordingly we
see the visible figures contain in them distinct visible parts, answering
to the distinct tangible parts of the figures signified or suggested by
them.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account