The Works of George Berkeley. Vol. 1 of 4: Philosophical Works, 1705-21Berkeley, George
Philosophy
The Works of George Berkeley. Vol. 1 of 4: Philosophical Works, 1705-21
Berkeley, George
Philosophy -- Early works to 1800
13. To give the reader a yet clearer view of the nature of abstract ideas,
and the uses they are thought necessary to, I shall add one more passage
out of the _Essay on Human Understanding_, which is as follows:—“Abstract
ideas are not so obvious or easy to children, or the yet unexercised mind,
as particular ones. If they seem so to grown men, it is only because by
constant and familiar use they are made so. For, when we nicely reflect
upon them, we shall find that general ideas are fictions and contrivances
of the mind, that carry difficulty with them, and do not so easily offer
themselves as we are apt to imagine. For example, does it not require some
pains and skill to form the general idea of a triangle (which is yet none
of the most abstract, comprehensive, and difficult); for it must be
neither oblique nor rectangle, neither equilateral, equicrural, nor
scalenon; but all and none of these at once? In effect, it is something
imperfect, that cannot exist; an idea(497) wherein some parts of several
different and inconsistent ideas are put together. It is true the mind, in
this imperfect state, has need of such ideas, and makes all the haste to
them it can, for the conveniency of communication and enlargement of
knowledge; to both which it is naturally very much inclined. But yet one
has reason to suspect such ideas are marks of our imperfection. At least
this is enough to shew that the most abstract and general ideas are not
those that the mind is first and most easily acquainted with, nor such as
its earliest knowledge is conversant about.”—B. iv. ch. 7. § 9. If any man
has the faculty of framing in his mind such an idea of a triangle as is
here described, it is in vain to pretend to dispute him out of it, nor
would I go about it. All I desire is that the reader would fully and
certainly inform himself whether he has such an idea or no. And this,
methinks, can be no hard task for any one to perform. What more easy than
for any one to look a little into his own thoughts, and there try whether
he has, or can attain to have, an idea that shall correspond with the
description that is here given of the general idea of a triangle—which is
neither oblique nor rectangle, equilateral, equicrural nor scalenon, but
all and none of these at once?
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