The Works of George Berkeley. Vol. 1 of 4: Philosophical Works, 1705-21Berkeley, George
Philosophy
The Works of George Berkeley. Vol. 1 of 4: Philosophical Works, 1705-21
Berkeley, George
Philosophy -- Early works to 1800
35. I do not argue against the existence of any one thing that we can
apprehend, either by sense or reflection. That the things I see with my
eyes and touch with my hands do exist, really exist, I make not the least
question. The only thing whose existence we deny is that which
_philosophers_ call Matter or corporeal substance. And in doing of this
there is no damage done to the rest of mankind, who, I dare say, will
never miss it. The Atheist indeed will want the colour of an empty name to
support his impiety; and the Philosophers may possibly find they have lost
a great handle for trifling and disputation. [(591)But that is all the
harm that I can see done.]
36. If any man thinks this detracts from the existence or reality of
things, he is very far from understanding what hath been premised in the
plainest terms I could think of. Take here an abstract of what has been
said:—There are spiritual substances, minds, or human souls, which will or
excite ideas(592) in themselves at pleasure; but these are faint, weak,
and unsteady in respect of others they perceive by sense: which, being
impressed upon them according to certain rules or laws of nature, speak
themselves the effects of a Mind more powerful and wise than human
spirits(593). These latter are said to have _more reality_(594) in them
than the former;—by which is meant that they are more affecting, orderly,
and distinct, and that they are not fictions of the mind perceiving
them(595). And in this sense the sun that I see by day is the real sun,
and that which I imagine by night is the idea of the former. In the sense
here given of _reality_, it is evident that every vegetable, star,
mineral, and in general each part of the mundane system, is as much a
_real being_ by our principles as by any other. Whether others mean
anything by the term _reality_ different from what I do, I entreat them to
look into their own thoughts and see.
37. It will be urged that thus much at least is true, to wit, that we take
away all _corporeal substances_. To this my answer is, that if the word
_substance_ be taken in the vulgar sense, for a _combination_ of sensible
qualities, such as extension, solidity, weight, and the like—this we
cannot be accused of taking away: but if it be taken in a philosophic
sense, for the support of accidents or qualities without the mind—then
indeed I acknowledge that we take it away, if one may be said to take away
that which never had any existence, not even in the imagination(596).
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