The Works of George Berkeley. Vol. 1 of 4: Philosophical Works, 1705-21Berkeley, George
Philosophy
The Works of George Berkeley. Vol. 1 of 4: Philosophical Works, 1705-21
Berkeley, George
Philosophy -- Early works to 1800
50. _Sixthly_, you will say there have been a great many things explained
by matter and motion; take away these and you destroy the whole
corpuscular philosophy, and undermine those mechanical principles which
have been applied with so much success to account for the phenomena. In
short, whatever advances have been made, either by ancient or modern
philosophers, in the study of nature do all proceed on the supposition
that corporeal substance or Matter doth really exist.—To this I answer
that there is not any one phenomenon explained on that supposition which
may not as well be explained without it, as might easily be made appear by
an induction of particulars. To explain the phenomena, is all one as to
shew why, upon such and such occasions, we are affected with such and such
ideas. But how Matter should operate on a Spirit, or produce any idea in
it, is what no philosopher will pretend to explain; it is therefore
evident there can be no use of Matter(621) in natural philosophy. Besides,
they who attempt to account for things do it, not by corporeal substance,
but by figure, motion, and other qualities; which are in truth no more
than mere ideas, and therefore cannot be the cause of anything, as hath
been already shewn. See sect. 25.
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51. _Seventhly_, it will upon this be demanded whether it does not seem
absurd to take away natural causes(622), and ascribe everything to the
immediate operation of spirits? We must no longer say upon these
principles that fire heats, or water cools, but that a spirit heats, and
so forth. Would not a man be deservedly laughed at, who should talk after
this manner?—I answer, he would so: in such things we ought to think with
the learned and speak with the vulgar. They who to demonstration are
convinced of the truth of the Copernican system do nevertheless say “the
sun rises,” “the sun sets,” or “comes to the meridian”; and if they
affected a contrary style in common talk it would without doubt appear
very ridiculous. A little reflection on what is here said will make it
manifest that the common use of language would receive no manner of
alteration or disturbance from the admission of our tenets(623).
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