The Works of George Berkeley. Vol. 1 of 4: Philosophical Works, 1705-21Berkeley, George
Philosophy
The Works of George Berkeley. Vol. 1 of 4: Philosophical Works, 1705-21
Berkeley, George
Philosophy -- Early works to 1800
52. In the ordinary affairs of life, any phrases may be retained, so long
as they excite in us proper sentiments, or dispositions to act in such a
manner as is necessary for our well-being, how false soever they may be if
taken in a strict and speculative sense. Nay, this is unavoidable, since,
propriety being regulated by custom, language is suited to the received
opinions, which are not always the truest. Hence it is impossible—even in
the most rigid, philosophic reasonings—so far to alter the bent and genius
of the tongue we speak as never to give a handle for cavillers to pretend
difficulties and inconsistencies. But, a fair and ingenuous reader will
collect the sense from the scope and tenor and connexion of a discourse,
making allowances for those inaccurate modes of speech which use has made
inevitable.
53. As to the opinion that there are no corporeal causes, this has been
heretofore maintained by some of the Schoolmen, as it is of late by others
among the modern philosophers; who though they allow Matter to exist, yet
will have God alone to be the immediate efficient cause of all
things(624). These men saw that amongst all the objects of sense there was
none which had any power or activity included in it; and that by
consequence this was likewise true of whatever bodies they supposed to
exist without the mind, like unto the immediate objects of sense. But
then, that they should suppose an innumerable multitude of created beings,
which they acknowledge are not capable of producing any one effect in
nature, and which therefore are made to no manner of purpose, since God
might have done everything as well without them—this I say, though we
should allow it possible, must yet be a very unaccountable and extravagant
supposition(625).
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