The Works of George Berkeley. Vol. 1 of 4: Philosophical Works, 1705-21Berkeley, George
Philosophy
The Works of George Berkeley. Vol. 1 of 4: Philosophical Works, 1705-21
Berkeley, George
Philosophy -- Early works to 1800
61. To all which I answer, first, that though there were some difficulties
relating to the administration of Providence, and the uses by it assigned
to the several parts of nature, which I could not solve by the foregoing
Principles, yet this objection could be of small weight against the truth
and certainty of those things which may be proved _a priori_, with the
utmost evidence and rigour of demonstration(635). Secondly, but neither
are the received principles free from the like difficulties; for, it may
still be demanded to what end God should take those roundabout methods of
effecting things by instruments and machines, which no one can deny might
have been effected by the mere command of His will, without all that
_apparatus_. Nay, if we narrowly consider it, we shall find the objection
may be retorted with greater force on those who hold the existence of
those machines without the mind; for it has been made evident that
solidity, bulk, figure, motion, and the like have no _activity_ or
_efficacy_ in them, so as to be capable of producing any one effect in
nature. See sect. 25. Whoever therefore supposes them to exist (allowing
the supposition possible) when they are not perceived does it manifestly
to no purpose; since the only use that is assigned to them, as they exist
unperceived, is that they produce those perceivable effects which in truth
cannot be ascribed to anything but Spirit.
62. But, to come nigher the difficulty, it must be observed that though
the fabrication of all those parts and organs be not absolutely necessary
to the producing any effect, yet it is necessary to the producing of
things in a constant regular way, according to the laws of nature. There
are certain general laws that run through the whole chain of natural
effects: these are learned by the observation and study of nature, and are
by men applied, as well to the framing artificial things for the use and
ornament of life as to the explaining the various phenomena. Which
explication consists only in shewing the conformity any particular
phenomenon hath to the general laws of nature, or, which is the same
thing, in discovering the _uniformity_ there is in the production of
natural effects; as will be evident to whoever shall attend to the several
instances wherein philosophers pretend to account for appearances. That
there is a great and conspicuous _use_ in these regular constant methods
of working observed by the Supreme Agent hath been shewn in sect. 31. And
it is no less visible that a particular size, figure, motion, and
disposition of parts are necessary, though not absolutely to the producing
any effect, yet to the producing it according to the standing mechanical
laws of nature. Thus, for instance, it cannot be denied that God, or the
Intelligence that sustains and rules the ordinary course of things, might
if He were minded to produce a miracle, cause all the motions on the
dial-plate of a watch, though nobody had ever made the movements and put
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The Works of George Berkeley. Vol. 1 of 4: Philosophical Works, 1705-21 — John Shaqi
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