The Works of George Berkeley. Vol. 1 of 4: Philosophical Works, 1705-21Berkeley, George
Philosophy
The Works of George Berkeley. Vol. 1 of 4: Philosophical Works, 1705-21
Berkeley, George
Philosophy -- Early works to 1800
92. For, as we have shewn the doctrine of Matter or Corporeal Substance to
have been the main pillar and support of Scepticism, so likewise upon the
same foundation have been raised all the impious schemes of Atheism and
Irreligion. Nay, so great a difficulty has it been thought to conceive
Matter produced out of nothing, that the most celebrated among the ancient
philosophers, even of those who maintained the being of a God, have
thought Matter to be uncreated and co-eternal with Him(683). How great a
friend _material substance_ has been to Atheists in all ages were needless
to relate. All their monstrous systems have so visible and necessary a
dependence on it, that when this corner-stone is once removed, the whole
fabric cannot choose but fall to the ground; insomuch that it is no longer
worth while to bestow a particular consideration on the absurdities of
every wretched sect of Atheists(684).
93. That impious and profane persons should readily fall in with those
systems which favour their inclinations, by deriding _immaterial
substance_, and supposing the soul to be divisible, and subject to
corruption as the body; which exclude all freedom, intelligence, and
design from the formation of things, and instead thereof make a
self-existent, stupid, unthinking substance the root and origin of all
beings; that they should hearken to those who deny a Providence, or
inspection of a Superior Mind over the affairs of the world, attributing
the whole series of events either to blind chance or fatal necessity,
arising from the impulse of one body on another—all this is very natural.
And, on the other hand, when men of better principles observe the enemies
of religion lay so great a stress on _unthinking Matter_, and all of them
use so much industry and artifice to reduce everything to it; methinks
they should rejoice to see them deprived of their grand support, and
driven from that only fortress, without which your Epicureans, Hobbists,
and the like, have not even the shadow of a pretence, but become the most
cheap and easy triumph in the world.
94. The existence of Matter, or bodies unperceived, has not only been the
main support of Atheists and Fatalists, but on the same principle doth
Idolatry likewise in all its various forms depend. Did men but consider
that the sun, moon, and stars, and every other object of the senses, are
only so many sensations in their minds, which have no other existence but
barely being perceived, doubtless they would never fall down and worship
_their own ideas_; but rather address their homage to that Eternal
Invisible Mind which produces and sustains all things.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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