The works of John Dryden, now first collected in eighteen volumes. Volume 15Dryden, John
General
The works of John Dryden, now first collected in eighteen volumes. Volume 15
Dryden, John
English literature
Variety of cadences is the best rule;
the greatest help to the actors, and refreshment to the audience.
If then verse may be made natural in itself, how becomes it unnatural
in a play? You say the stage is the representation of nature, and no
man in ordinary conversation speaks in rhyme. But you foresaw, when
you said this, that it might be answered--neither does any man speak
in blank verse, or in measure without rhyme. Therefore you concluded,
that which is nearest nature is still to be preferred. But you took
no notice, that rhyme might be made as natural as blank verse, by the
well placing of the words, &c. All the difference between them, when
they are both correct, is the sound in one, which the other wants;
and if so, the sweetness of it, and all the advantage resulting from
it, which are handled in the preface to the "Rival Ladies," will yet
stand good. As for that place of Aristotle, where he says plays should
be writ in that kind of verse which is nearest prose, it makes little
for you; blank verse being properly but measured prose. Now measure
alone, in any modern language, does not constitute verse; those of
the ancients in Greek and Latin consisted in quantity of words, and a
determinate number of feet. But when, by the inundation of the Goths
and Vandals into Italy, new languages were introduced, and barbarously
mingled with the Latin, of which the Italian, Spanish, French, and
ours, (made out of them and the Teutonic,) are dialects, a new way
of poesy was practised; new, I say, in those countries, for in all
probability it was that of the conquerors in their own nations: at
least we are able to prove, that the eastern people have used it from
all antiquity.[146] This new way consisted in measure or number of
feet, and rhyme. The sweetness of rhyme, and observation of accent,
supplying the place of quantity in words, which could neither exactly
be observed by those barbarians, who knew not the rules of it, neither
was it suitable to their tongues as it had been to the Greek and Latin.
No man is tied in modern poesy to observe any farther rule in the feet
of his verse, but that they be dissyllables; whether Spondee, Trochee,
or Iambic, it matters not; only he is obliged to rhyme: neither do
the Spanish, French, Italian, or Germans, acknowledge at all, or very
rarely, any such kind of poesy as blank verse amongst them. Therefore,
at most 'tis but a poetic prose, a _sermo pedestris_; and, as such,
most fit for comedies, where I acknowledge rhyme to be improper.
Farther, as to that quotation of Aristotle, our couplet verses may be
rendered as near prose as blank verse itself, by using those advantages
I lately named,--as breaks in an hemistick, or running the sense into
another line,--thereby making art and order appear as loose and free
as nature: or not tying ourselves to couplets strictly, we may use
the benefit of the Pindaric way, practised in the "Siege of Rhodes;"
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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