The works of John Dryden, now first collected in eighteen volumes. Volume 12Dryden, John
General
The works of John Dryden, now first collected in eighteen volumes. Volume 12
Dryden, John
English literature
On the contrary, Ovid and Claudian,
though they write in styles differing from each other, yet have each
of them but one sort of music in their verses. All the versification
and little variety of Claudian is included within the compass of four
or five lines, and then he begins again in the same tenor; perpetually
closing his sense at the end of a verse, and that verse commonly
which they call golden, or two substantives and two adjectives, with
a verb betwixt them to keep the peace. Ovid, with all his sweetness,
has as little variety of numbers and sound as he: he is always, as it
were, upon the hand-gallop, and his verse runs upon carpet-ground.
He avoids, like the other, all synalæphas, or cutting off one vowel
when it comes before another in the following word; so that, minding
only smoothness, he wants both variety and majesty.--But to return to
Virgil: though he is smooth where smoothness is required, yet he is so
far from affecting it, that he seems rather to disdain it; frequently
makes use of synalæphas, and concludes his sense in the middle of
his verse. He is every where above conceits of epigrammatic wit, and
gross hyperboles; he maintains majesty in the midst of plainness; he
shines, but glares not; and is stately without ambition, which is the
vice of Lucan. I drew my definition of poetical wit from my particular
consideration of him: for propriety of thoughts and words are only to
be found in him; and, where they are proper, they will be delightful.
Pleasure follows of necessity, as the effect does the cause; and
therefore is not to be put into the definition. This exact propriety
of Virgil I particularly regarded, as a great part of his character;
but must confess, to my shame, that I have not been able to translate
any part of him so well, as to make him appear wholly like himself:
for, where the original is close, no version can reach it in the same
compass. Hannibal Caro's,[50] in the Italian, is the nearest, the most
poetical, and the most sonorous of any translation of the Æneids; yet,
though he takes the advantage of blank verse, he commonly allows two
lines for one of Virgil, and does not always hit his sense. Tasso tells
us, in his letters, that Sperone Speroni, a great Italian wit, who was
his contemporary, observed of Virgil and Tully, that the Latin orator
endeavoured to imitate the copiousness of Homer, the Greek poet; and
that the Latin poet made it his business to reach the conciseness of
Demosthenes, the Greek orator. Virgil therefore, being so very sparing
of his words, and leaving so much to be imagined by the reader, can
never be translated as he ought, in any modern tongue. To make him
copious, is to alter his character; and to translate him line for line,
is impossible; because the Latin is naturally a more succinct language
than either the Italian, Spanish, French, or even than the English,
which, by reason of its monosyllables, is far the most compendious
of them.
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