The works of John Dryden, now first collected in eighteen volumes. Volume 14Dryden, John
General
The works of John Dryden, now first collected in eighteen volumes. Volume 14
Dryden, John
English literature
And, if there be so much art in the choice of fit precepts, there is
much more required in the treating of them, that they may fall in after
each other by a natural unforced method, and show themselves in the
best and most advantageous light. They should all be so finely wrought
together in the same piece, that no coarse seam may discover where they
join; as, in a curious brede of needle-work, one colour falls away by
such just degrees, and another rises so insensibly, that we see the
variety, without being able to distinguish the total vanishing of the
one from the first appearance of the other. Nor is it sufficient to
range and dispose this body of precepts into a clear and easy method,
unless they are delivered to us in the most pleasing and agreeable
manner: for there are several ways of conveying the same truth to the
mind of man; and to chuse the pleasantest of these ways, is that which
chiefly distinguishes poetry from prose, and makes Virgil's rules of
husbandry pleasanter to read than Varro's. Where the prose-writer tells
us plainly what ought to be done, the poet often conceals the precept
in a description, and represents his countryman performing the action
in which he would instruct his reader. Where the one sets out, as fully
and distinctly as he can, all the parts of the truth which he would
communicate to us, the other singles out the most pleasing circumstance
of this truth, and so conveys the whole in a more diverting manner to
the understanding. I shall give one instance, out of a multitude of
this nature, that might be found in the Georgics, where the reader may
see the different ways Virgil has taken to express the same thing, and
how much pleasanter every manner of expression is, than the plain and
direct mention of it would have been. It is in the Second Georgic,
where he tells us what trees will bear grafting on each other:
_Et sæpe alterius ramos impune videmus
Vertere in alterius, mutatamque insita mala
Ferre pyrum, et prunis lapidosa rubescere corna.
--Steriles platani malos gessere valentes:
Castaneæ fagus, ornusque incanuit albo
Flore pyri; glandemque sues fregere sub ulmis.
----Nec longum tempus; et ingens
Exiit ad cælum ramis felicibus arbos;
Miraturque novas frondes, et non sua poma._
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