The works of John Dryden, now first collected in eighteen volumes. Volume 14Dryden, John
General
The works of John Dryden, now first collected in eighteen volumes. Volume 14
Dryden, John
English literature
that time of day among the Romans. _Neque hæc in fœdera veni_, is
the very excuse which Æneas makes, when he leaves his lady: "I made no
such bargain with you at our marriage, to live always drudging on at
Carthage: my business was Italy; and I never made a secret of it. If I
took my pleasure, had not you your share of it? I leave you free, at
my departure, to comfort yourself with the next stranger who happens
to be shipwrecked on your coast. Be as kind a hostess as you have been
to me; and you can never fail of another husband. In the mean time, I
call the gods to witness, that I leave your shore unwillingly; for,
though Juno made the marriage, yet Jupiter commands me to forsake you."
This is the effect of what he saith, when it is dishonoured out of
Latin verse, into English prose. If the poet argued not aright, we must
pardon him for a poor blind heathen, who knew no better morals.
I have detained your lordship longer than I intended, on this
objection, which would indeed weigh something in a spiritual court;
but I am not to defend our poet there. The next, I think, is but a
cavil, though the cry is great against him, and hath continued from
the time of Macrobius to this present age. I hinted it before. They
lay no less than want of invention to his charge--a capital crime, I
must acknowledge; for a poet is a maker,[62] as the word signifies; and
he, who cannot make, that is, invent, hath his name for nothing. That
which makes this accusation look so strange[63] at the first sight, is,
that he has borrowed so many things from Homer, Apollonius Rhodius, and
others who preceded him. But, in the first place, if invention is to be
taken in so strict a sense, that the matter of a poem must be wholly
new, and that in all its parts, then Scaliger hath made out, saith
Ségrais, that the history of Troy was no more the invention of Homer,
than of Virgil. There was not an old woman, or almost a child, but had
it in their mouths, before the Greek poet or his friends digested it
into this admirable order in which we read it. At this rate, as Solomon
hath told us, there is nothing new beneath the sun. Who then can pass
for an inventor, if Homer, as well as Virgil, must be deprived of that
glory? Is Versailles the less a new building, because the architect
of that palace hath imitated others which were built before it?
Walls, doors, and windows, apartments, offices, rooms of convenience
and magnificence, are in all great houses. So descriptions, figures,
fables, and the rest, must be in all heroic poems; they are the common
materials of poetry, furnished from the magazine of nature; every poet
hath as much right to them, as every man hath to air or water.
_Quid prohibetis aquas? Usus communis aquarum est._
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