ANTIPATER. Macedonian general, left as regent by Alexander in Macedonia, of which he became king after Alexander's death. ANTISTHENES. Athenian philosopher, about 400 B.C. Founder of the Cynics. ANUBIS. Dog-headed Egyptian God, identified by the Greeks with Hermes. ANYTUS. _See under_ SOCRATES. AORNUS. The word means unvisited by birds. _See under_ ALEXANDER (1). APHRODITE. Goddess of love, born of the sea foam, mother by Zeus of Eros, by Bacchus of Priapus, by Hermes of Hermaphroditus, and by the mortal Anchises of Aeneas. Her girdle or cestus conferred magic beauty on the wearer. Often called 'Golden' by Homer. Worshipped under the titles of Urania (heavenly) and Pandemus (common). Wife of Hephaestus. APIS. Egyptian bull-God. Some details are given in _Sacrifice_ (15). APOLLO. Son of Zeus and Leto. Represented as youthful, beautiful, beardless, long-haired. Brother of Artemis and father of Asclepius by Coronis. Doctor, harpist, president of the Muses, archer, sender and averter of pestilence, giver of oracles at Delphi, &c. Lover of Daphne, who changed to a laurel to escape him, Hyacinth, whom he accidentally killed with a quoit, and Branchus, to whom he gave oracular power at Didyma, afterwards called Branchidae. When Zeus slew Asclepius with the thunderbolt, Apollo killed the Cyclopes who had forged it; he was punished by being compelled to serve as a mortal on earth, where he kept the flocks of Admetus, and built the wall of Troy for Laomedon. Called Lycean as slayer of wolves, and Pythian from Pytho or Delphi. APOLLONIUS (1) Rhodius. An Alexandrine poet, 200 B.C., author of the _Argonautica_. APOLLONIUS (2) of Tyana. Born 4 B.C. A Pythagorean who pretended to miraculous powers. APOLLONIUS (3). Stoic philosopher, sent for by Antoninus Pius to instruct his adopted son M. Aurelius. ARCHELAUS, king of Macedonia, 413-399 B.C. A great patron of letters. ARCHIAS. An actor employed by Antipater for political purposes. ARCHILOCHUS. An iambic poet of Paros, 690 B.C. AREOPAGUS. An ancient Athenian council and law-court. ARES. God of war, son of Zeus and Hera. Intrigued with Aphrodite. ARETE. Wife of Alcinous. ARETHUSA. A nymph. Pursued by the river-god Alpheus, fled to Sicily, where she became a fountain. ARGO. The ship that went on the quest of the Golden Fleece; built by Athene, who inserted a plank from the Dodonaean oak, which gave prophecies. ARGUS. The hundred-eyed guard of Io. ARIADNE. _See_ THESEUS. ARION. Famous harper, 625 B.C. For his story, see _Dialogues of Sea-Gods_, viii. ARISTARCHUS. _See_ HOMER. ARISTIDES. Athenian statesman called 'the just.' Great rival of Themistocles. Died poor. Date of death, 468 B.C. ARISTIPPUS. Philosopher of Cyrene, founder of the Cyrenaic school. _See_ CYRENAICS. Disciple of Socrates. Spent some time at the court of Dionysius. Flourished 370 B.C.