ARISTOGITON (1). With Harmodius, slew Hipparchus, brother of the Athenian tyrant Hippias, 514 B.C. The tyranny fell shortly after, and the two friends had the credit of liberating Athens. ARISTOGITON (2). Athenian orator and adversary of Demosthenes. ARISTOPHANES. Athenian writer of comedy, 444-380 B.C. Socrates is ridiculed in his _Clouds_. ARISTOTLE. Philosopher, 384-322 B.C. Founder of the Peripatetic school, which see. Taught Alexander of Macedon, and Demosthenes. ARMENIA. The Parthian war waged by Lucius Verus, 162-165 A.D., was begun in consequence of a Roman legion's being cut to pieces in Armenia by Vologesus, king of Parthia. ARRIAN. A Bithynian philosopher and historian, pupil of Epictetus. He was made a Roman citizen and attained the consulship. Wrote the _Anabasis Alexandri_, and the _Discourses_ and _Enchiridion_ of Epictetus. ARTEMIS. Daughter of Leto and sister of Apollo. Virgin, huntress. Under the name Ilithyia, presides over child-birth. Worshipped at Tauri in Scythia with human sacrifice. ARTEMISIUM. The scene of Athenian naval victories before Salamis over the Persians. ASCLEPIUS. Son of Apollo and Coronis. The God of medicine and health. For restoring the dead to life was slain by Zeus with the thunderbolt. Afterwards admitted to Olympus as a God. ASTYANAX. Infant son of Hector and Andromache. Flung from the walls of Troy by the Greeks. ATHAMAS. By Hera's command married Nephele, by whom he had Phrixus and Helle. His begetting Learchus and Melicertes by the mortal Ino offended Hera, who drove him mad. Ino threw herself with Melicertes into the sea, and both became sea-gods, called Leucothea and Palaemon. Phrixus and Helle, saved by Nephele from Ino's persecution, had fled upon the Golden Ram, from which Helle falling gave her name to the Hellespont. ATHENE. Sprang full-armed from the brain of Zeus. Remained a virgin. Carried Medusa's head on the aegis given to her by Zeus. Personification of power and wisdom. Gave breath to the men moulded of clay by Prometheus. Special patroness of Athens, where she was known as Polias, or city-goddess. ATHENIANS. The Athenians thought themselves 'autochthones', produced from the very soil of Attica. ATHOS. Mountain in Chalcidice, at the foot of which Xerxes cut a canal for his armada against Greece, to avoid the storms that prevailed there. ATROPUS. _See_ FATES. ATTALUS II. King of Pergamum, poisoned by his son or nephew. ATTHIS. A history of Attica, by Philochorus, about 300 B.C. ATTIS. Phrygian shepherd, beloved by Rhea, who made him vow celibacy. Being driven mad by Rhea for violating this vow, he mutilated himself; and this became the custom among Rhea's priests, the Galli. AUGEAS. _See_ HERACLES. AULIS. A port in Boeotia. _See_ IPHIGENIA. AURELIUS, M. Roman emperor, 161-180 A.D. Engaged in war with the Marcomanni and Quadi for almost the whole of his reign. BACCHUS. _See_ DIONYSUS. BACIS. A prophet (or several prophets) to whom oracles were attributed.