The Works of the Emperor Julian Volume 2 With an English Translation by Wilmer Cave Wright Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts 1913 CONTENTS Oration VI Introduction to Oration VI Oration VII Introduction to Oration VII Oration VIII Introduction to Oration VIII Letter to Themistius the Philosopher Introduction Letter to the Senate and People of Athens Introduction Fragment of a Letter to a Priest Introduction The Caesars Introduction Misopogon, Or, Beard‐Hater Introduction Index Footnotes [Cover Art] [Transcriber’s Note: The above cover image was produced by the submitter at Distributed Proofreaders, and is being placed into the public domain.] ORATION VI Introduction to Oration VI The Sixth Oration is a sermon or rather a scolding addressed to the New Cynics, and especially to one of their number who had ventured to defame the memory of Diogenes. In the fourth Christian century the Cynic mode of life was adopted by many, but the vast majority were illiterate men who imitated the Cynic shamelessness of manners but not the genuine discipline, the self‐sufficiency (αὐτάρκεια) which had ennobled the lives of Antisthenes, Diogenes and Crates. To the virtues of these great men Julian endeavours to recall the worthless Cynics of his day. In the two centuries that had elapsed since Lucian wrote, for the edification of degenerate Cynics,(1) the Life of the Cynic Demonax, the dignified and witty friend of Epictetus, the followers of that sect had still further deteriorated. The New Cynics may be compared with the worst type of mendicant friar of the Middle Ages; and Julian saw in their assumption of the outward signs of Cynicism, the coarse cloak, the staff and wallet, and long hair, the same hypocrisy and greed that characterised certain of the Christian monks of his day.(2) The resemblances between the Christians and the Cynics had already been pointed out by Aristides,(3) and while in Julian’s eyes they were equally impious, he has an additional grievance against the Cynics in that they brought discredit on philosophy. Like the Christians they were unlettered, they were disrespectful to the gods whom Julian was trying to restore, they had flattered and fawned on Constantius, and far from practising the austerities of Diogenes they were no better than parasites on society.