The Works of the Emperor Julian, Vol. 2Julian, Emperor of Rome
Philosophy
The Works of the Emperor Julian, Vol. 2
Julian, Emperor of Rome
Speeches, addresses, etc., Greek -- Translations into English
(And to show that I am not the only one who thinks that Fortune has the
upper hand in practical affairs, I will quote to you a passage from that
admirable work the Laws of Plato. You know it well and indeed taught it to
me, but I have set down the speech which runs something like this, and
offer it as a proof that I am not really indolent. “God governs all things
and with God Fortune and Opportunity govern all human affairs: but there
is a milder view that Art must needs go with them and must be their
associate.”(392) He then indicates what must be the character of a man who
is the craftsman and artificer of noble deeds and a divinely inspired
king. Then he says: “Kronos therefore, as I have already related, knew
that human nature when endowed with supreme authority is never in any case
capable of managing human affairs without being filled with insolence and
injustice; therefore, having regard to this he at that time set over our
cities as kings and governors not men but beings of a more divine and
higher race, I mean demons; thus doing as we do now for our flocks and
domestic herds. We never appoint certain oxen to rule over other oxen or
goats to rule over goats, but we are their masters, a race superior to
theirs. In like manner then God, since he loves mankind, has set over us a
race of beings superior to ourselves, the race of demons; and they with
great ease both to themselves and us undertake the care of us and dispense
peace, reverence, aye, and above all justice without stint, and thus they
make the tribes of men harmonious and happy. And that account is a true
one which declares that in our day all cities that are governed not by a
god but by a mortal man have no relief from evils and hardships. And the
lesson is that we ought by every means in our power to imitate that life
which is said to have existed in the days of Kronos: and in so far as the
principle of immortality is in us we ought to be guided by it in our
management of public and private affairs, of our houses and cities,
calling the distribution of mind ‘law.’(393) But whether the government be
in the hands of one man or of an oligarchy or democracy, if it have a soul
that hankers after pleasure and the lower appetites and demands to indulge
these, and if such a one rule over a city or individual having first
trampled on the laws, there is no means of salvation.”(394))
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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