The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke, Vol. 12 (of 12)Burke, Edmund
History
The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke, Vol. 12 (of 12)
Burke, Edmund
Great Britain -- Politics and government -- 1760-1820; Political science -- Early works to 1800
My Lords, I have done with this business. I come next to the third
division of the natives, those who form the landed interest of the
country. A few words only will be necessary upon this part of the
subject. The fact is, that Mr. Hastings, at one stroke, put up the
property of all the nobility and gentry, and of all the freeholders, in
short, the whole landed interest of Bengal, to a public auction, and let
it to the highest bidder. I will make no observations upon the nature of
this measure to your Lordships, who represent so large a part of the
dignity, together with so large a part of the landed interest of this
kingdom: though I think, that, even under your Lordships' restrictive
order, I am entitled so to do; because we have examined some witnesses
upon this point, in the revenue charge. Suffice it to say, that it is in
evidence before your Lordships that this sale was ordered. Mr. Hastings
does not deny it. He says, indeed, he did it not with an ill intention.
My answer is, that it could have been done with no other than a bad
intention. The owners of the land had no way left to save themselves but
to become farmers of their own estates; and from the competition which
naturally took place, (and he himself declared, that the persons,
whether owners or strangers, to whom he let the lands, had agreed to
rents which surpassed their abilities to pay,) I need not tell you what
must have been the consequence, when it got into such rapacious hands,
and was taken out of the hands of its natural proprietors: that the
public revenue had sunk and lost by it, and that the country was wasted
and destroyed. I leave it to your Lordships' own meditation and
reflection; and I shall not press it one step further than just to
remind you of what has been so well opened and pressed by my fellow
Managers. He, Mr. Hastings, confesses that he let the lands to his own
banians; he took his own domestic servants and put them in the houses of
the nobility of the country; and this he did in direct violation of an
express order made by himself, that no banian of a collector (the spirit
of which order implied ten thousand times more strongly the exclusion of
any banians of a Governor-General) should have any one of those farms.
We also find that he made a regulation that no farmers should rent more
than a lac of rupees; but at the same time we find his banians holding
several farms to more than that amount. In short, we find that in every
instance, where, under some plausible pretence or other, the fixed
regulations are violated, it touches him so closely as to make it
absolutely impossible not to suppose that he himself had the advantage
of it.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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