The World Crisis, Volume 1 (of 6)Churchill, Winston
History
The World Crisis, Volume 1 (of 6)
Churchill, Winston
World War, 1914-1918; World War, 1914-1918 -- Great Britain
There was no difficulty whatever in settling the design of the
destroyers. The Admiralty had vacillated about destroyers in previous
years. In 1908 they built large fast 33–knot _Tribals_ burning oil, and
then, worried by the oil problem and shocked at the expense, reverted
for two years to 27–knot coal-burning flotillas (_Acastas_ and
_Acherons_). I was too late to stop the last bevy of these inferior
vessels, but I gave directions to design the new flotilla to realise 35
knots speed without giving up anything in gun-power, torpedoes or
seaworthiness. I proposed to the Board that if money ran short we should
take sixteen of these rather than twenty of the others. Building slow
destroyers! One might as well breed slow racehorses.
The cruisers were much more difficult. The duties of a British cruiser
are very varied: now scouting for the Battle Fleet; now convoying
merchantmen; now fighting an action with another cruiser squadron; now
showing the flag in distant or tropical oceans. In an effort to produce
a type which would combine all these requirements, the purity of design
had been lost and a number of compromise ships, whose types melted into
one another, were afloat or building. They ranged from the strong,
heavily gunned and well armoured vessels like the _Minotaur_ through
lighter but still armoured variants of the ‘County’ class cruisers down
to unarmoured but large ships like the _Dartmouths_ (the ‘Town’ class),
and the little vessels of 3,350 tons like the _Blonde_. Altogether there
were nine distinct classes. It was time to classify and clarify thought
and simplify nomenclature on this subject. The large armoured cruisers
were already superseded by the battle-cruiser. They still remained a
very powerful force, numbering no less than thirty-five vessels. We
would call them ‘Cruisers.’ All the rest should be called ‘Light
Cruisers.’ For the future we would build only battle-cruisers (or fast
battleships) and light cruisers. The future evolution of the battle
cruiser was well defined and depended on the numbers and character of
any that might be laid down by Germany. Our lead in battle cruisers (9
to 4) and the creation of the fast division of battleships made it
possible to delay decision on this type; but the light cruiser was
urgent and even vital. We required a very large number of small fast
vessels to protect the Battle Fleet from torpedo attack, to screen it
and within certain limits to scout for it. After hearing many arguments,
I proposed to the Board that we should concentrate on this type, to
exclude all consideration of the requirements of the distant seas, and
to build vessels for attendance on the Battle Fleets in home waters and
for that duty alone.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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