TRADE DURING THE WAR, 57 TRADE LIVES ON INCREASING DEMAND, 65 WAR A FORM OF DESTRUCTION, 66 WAR STANDS TO BENEFIT NEUTRAL AS WELL AS BELLIGERENT NATIONS BUT NOT TO THE SAME EXTENT, 69 THE GREATER THE CAPITAL, THE GREATER THE WAR PROFIT, 71 THE BLESSINGS OF INVASION, 72 THE LUXURY TRADES DON'T DO SO BADLY, 74 TRADE PROFITS IN WAR NOT SHARED BY THE NATION BUT CONFINED TO EMPLOYERS, 77 TRADE PROFIT AND NATIONAL LOSS, 82 APPENDIX: SOME TYPICAL WAR PROFITS, 125 CHAPTER IV DIALECTICS ROUND THE DEATH-BED, 89 GERMAN RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE WAR, 90 THE VALUE OF GERMAN CULTURE, 95 THE MANUFACTURE OF HATRED, 102 IMPERIALISM THE ENEMY, 107 POSSIBLE OBJECTS OF WAR, 112 PHYSICAL FORCE IN A MORAL WORLD, 118 IMPERIALISM AND CAPITALISM THROUGH WAR AND TRADE THE ENEMIES: SOCIALISM TO THE RESCUE, 122 * * * * * CHAPTER I [Greek: moros de thneton ostis ekporthon poleis naous de tumbous th, iera ton kekmekton, eremiadous autos oleth usteron.] Euripides: Tro. 95. Sec.1 The Massacre of Colleagues The existence of war in the modern world is primarily a question for the moral philosopher. It may be of interest to the anthropologist to consider war as a gallant survival with an impressive ritual and a code of honour curiously detached from the social environment, like the Hindu suttee; or with a procedure euphemistically disguised, like some chthonic liturgy of ancient Athens. But it is a problem too broad for the anthropologist when we consider that we have reached a stage of civilisation which regards murder as the most detestable of crimes and deprives the murderer of all civil rights and often even of the natural right to live: while in the same community the organised massacre of our colleagues in civilisation is not only tolerated but assumed to be necessary by the principal expositors of law and religion, is the scientific occupation of the most honoured profession in the State, and constitutes the real sanction of all international intercourse. Sec.2 The Widening Sphere of Morality The existence of war stimulates the astonished watcher in the tower of ivory to examine the development, if any, of human morality; and to formulate some law of the process whereby political man has been differentiated from the savage.