[Footnote 210: In alcoholic insanity, for instance, especially when it leads to the occurrence of Korsakoff's syndrome, there is a notable degree of mental weakness with a tendency to form false memories, both in the form of confabulation (or the filling by imagination of lacunae in memory) and pseudo-reminiscence. (See _e.g._ John Turner, 'Alcoholic Insanity,' _Journal of Mental Science_, Jan. 1910, p. 41.)] [Footnote 211: Dr. Marie de Manacéïne, who has studied the phenomena of the hypnagogic state experimentally in much detail (_Sleep_, pp. 195-220), finds that in its deepest stage it is marked by echolalia, or the tendency to repeat automatically what is said, and in a less deep stage by abnormal suggestibility or the tendency to accept ideas and especially emotions. She considers that the hypnagogic state becomes abnormal when it lasts for more than fifteen seconds. It may last for more than six minutes, and is then of serious import. She shows reason to believe that the hypnagogic state is substantially identical with the hypnotic state, and she regards it as probably due to cerebral anaemia. She finds it especially marked in children under fifteen, the more so if they belong to the working-class, and rather common among adolescent girls and young women, especially if anaemic, but among adults rarer in women than in men, becoming more frequent in both sexes with old age; the phlegmatic are more liable to it than the sanguine or the nervous.] [Footnote 212: Sully, _The Human Mind_, vol. ii. p. 317. Foucault (_Le Rêve_, p. 300), briefly notes that he has often had the illusion of seeming to remember a fact which does not exist, and of recollecting a person he has never seen.] [Footnote 213: F. W. Colegrove, 'Individual Memories,' _American Journal of Psychology_, Jan. 1899.] [Footnote 214: See _e.g._ for such cases in sane persons, Hack Tuke, 'Hallucinations,' _Brain_, vol. xi., 1889. A man with chronic systematised delusions writes: 'I am obsessed at nights; that is, I am made the recipient of projected thoughts which become translated into dreams, and on several occasions I have found, just after waking, and while still in a very passive state, that some one was speaking to me in the ear.']