Although saucer enthusiasts interpret these maneuvers as proof that the phantom was under intelligent control, radar experts recognize the familiar pattern in which a ghost echo is actually a return from the plane itself. Because of the temperature inversions the radar pulses do not return directly from the plane to the ground receiver but are deflected from the plane to the ground, then back to the plane, and thence on to the ground scope. The phantom echo always occurs from the same direction as the aircraft and is always “on the other side” of the plane (see p. 153). This explanation also accounts for the evidence of the jet’s gun camera. The photographs taken showed nothing, although the radar warning light indicated a solid object ahead. After the pilot had switched on the set, however, there had been a brief delay before the red signal blinked on. During this interval the plane had not come any closer to the unknown light, but the radio waves had scattered from plane to ground and back to plane so that the gun radar did indeed detect a solid object--the plane itself! In short, the evidence supports our conclusion that an image of the star Capella, distorted by the atmospheric conditions produced by a strong temperature inversion, accounted for the visual sightings; and that radar echoes from the pursuing jets, deflected by the same temperature inversion, accounted for the phantom targets on the ground radarscope and the gun radar. [VIII-1] Keyhoe, D. E. _The Flying Saucer Conspiracy_. New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1955. [VIII-2] Air Force Files. [VIII-3] Ruppelt, E. J. _The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects._ Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Co., 1956. [VIII-4] Plank, V. G. “Spurious Echoes on Radar, A Survey.” Astia Document No. AD-215470, AFCRC-TR-59-210 (May 1959). [VIII-5] Borden, R. C., and Vickers, T. K. “A Preliminary Study of Unidentified Targets Observed on Air Traffic Control Radars.” Technical Development Report No. 180, Civil Aeronautics Administration, Technical Development and Evaluation Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (May 1953). [VIII-6] “Radar Objects Over Washington,” _Air Weather Service Bulletin_ (September 1954), pp. 52–57. [VIII-7] Menzel, D. H. _Elementary Manual of Radio Propagation_. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1948. [VIII-7a] ---- “Why Flying Saucers Show Up on Radar.” _Look_ magazine (September 9, 1952). [VIII-8] Keyhoe, D. E. “What Radar Tells about Flying Saucers.” _True_ magazine (December 1952), p. 25 ff. [VIII-9] Plank, V. G. Personal communication. [VIII-10] Withrow, S. R. “Angels on Radar Scopes,” _Air Weather Service Bulletin_ (September 1954), pp. 48–51. [VIII-11] Atlas, D. “Radar Studies of Meteorological ‘Angel’ Echoes,” _Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics_, Vol. XV (1959), pp. 262–87. [VIII-12] ---- “Possible Key to the Dilemma of Meteorological ‘Angel’ Echoes,” _Journal of Meteorology_, Vol. XVII (1960), pp. 95–103.